Category: Journal

Climate Change Explained 2025 – CO₂, Global Warming, Paris Agreement, NDCs & Proof the Planet Is Heating Up

Introduction – Why This Matters Now

Climate change used to sound like a distant risk. In 2025 it is the daily context for business, policy and personal life. From record‑shattering heatwaves in India’s pre‑monsoon season to surging insurance costs after back‑to‑back cyclones, the signals are no longer abstract. This article unpacks the science and policy landscape behind those signals, using the latest publicly available numbers and reports so you can ground decisions in fact, not hype.

1. What Is Climate Change?

CO₂ levels are at 429.61 ppm – the highest in 800,000 years. Every molecule matters.

 

At its core, climate change is the long‑term shift in average weather patterns caused mainly by the accumulation of heat‑trapping gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the headline molecule because it persists for centuries. NOAA’s Mauna Loa Observatory measured an average concentration of 429.61 ppm in June 2025, the highest in at least 800,000 years. Weekly data show levels staying above 428 ppm through mid‑July.

If those numbers feel abstract, NASA’s recent high‑resolution GEOS model animation makes them visceral by tracking CO₂ plumes in three dimensions over an entire year – reds swirling out of industrial belts, greens pulsing as forests inhale and exhale. The takeaway: every tonne emitted stays in circulation far longer than any of us will live, ratcheting the planetary thermostat upward.

2. Global Warming – From Numbers to Real‑World Heat

1.5°C warmer globally means extreme local impacts: from Delhi's heat to shrinking Himalayan glaciers.

 

“Global warming” is the symptom most people feel: higher land and ocean temperatures. NASA’s global temperature series shows Earth is now about 1.5 °C warmer than the 1951‑1980 baseline. That may sound small, but a single degree globally translates into extremes locally: a 50 °C heat index in Delhi, record coral bleaching in the Caribbean, and shrinking Himalayan glaciers feeding the Ganga. Ocean heat content has climbed relentlessly since the 1950s, storing the energy that later fuels stronger cyclones.

Sea level follows suit. Satellite altimetry records reveal an accelerating rise, driven by melting ice sheets and thermal expansion.  Meanwhile, September Arctic sea‑ice extent is contracting by 12.2 % per decade. Add in NASA’s GRACE data on hydrological extremes, and the pattern is clear: we have entered an age of “hydro‑climatic whiplash,” swinging from drought to flood with little warning.

3. Global & National Emissions Snapshot (2024 Data)

37.8 Gt CO₂ in 2024. India's emissions grew 4.6%, reflecting dual challenges: growth and climate risk.

 

Energy‑related CO₂ emissions hit 37.8 Gt in 2024 – an 0.8 % rise and another all‑time high according to the IEA’s Global Energy Review 2025. The Global Carbon Project puts total fossil‑fuel CO₂ at 41.2 Gt, noting record wildfire contributions.

-China & USA still account for 45 % of fuel‑combustion CO₂, but India’s emissions grew 4.6 % in 2024, reflecting rapid power and transport demand.

-The EU and US declined slightly, proving that decoupling is possible but not yet fast enough.

India’s absolute energy‑sector CO₂ is now roughly 2.6 Gt CO₂‑eq, fourth globally, with coal still dominant but solar posting record additions. For Indian businesses, this duality – growth plus rising climate risk – frames every supply‑chain and investment decision.

4. The Paris Agreement – A Living Framework

Aiming for 1.5°C, but current pledges fall short. The Paris Agreement demands continuous ambition.

 

Signed in 2015, the Paris Agreement’s central aim is to hold warming “well below 2 °C” and ideally to 1.5 °C. Virtually every nation is a Party, meaning nearly 100 % of global GDP is covered. Yet UNEP’s emissions‑gap assessments show current pledges point toward ~2.5‑2.7 °C this century, even if fully implemented. The Agreement’s strength lies in its five‑year ambition cycle: each round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) must enhance or expand previous targets.

5. NDC & LT‑LEDS – Roadmaps, Not Wish‑Lists

NDCs: Short-term targets. LT-LEDS: Long-term pathways. Both critical for a low-emission future.

 

NDCs set short‑ to mid‑term (5‑ to 10‑year) targets; Long‑Term Low‑Emission Development Strategies (LT‑LEDS) sketch pathways to mid‑century neutrality. As of September 2024, the UNFCCC had logged 168 latest NDCs covering 95 % of 2019 emissions. Since then, more updates have trickled in and the secretariat reminds Parties that “NDC 3.0” submissions are due by the end of 2025, shaped by the first global stock‑take.

On LT‑LEDS, 78 Parties (including big emitters like China, the EU, the US and most recently Peru and Equatorial Guinea) have tabled strategies as of June 2025. While these plans vary in detail, they give investors signals about future carbon pricing and renewable‑energy opportunities.

6. IPCC’s National Accounting Approach – Getting the Numbers Right

Rigorous IPCC methods ensure we accurately track emissions across all gases and sectors.

 

 Behind every headline figure is a rigorous methodology. The IPCC’s 2006 Guidelines (refined in 2019) provide the default framework for national greenhouse‑gas inventories, defining sectors, gases, tiers of complexity and default emission factors. Inventory agencies must:

  1. Cover all gases: CO₂, CH₄, N₂O and fluorinated gases.

  2. Avoid double counting between sectors (e.g., land‑use and energy).

  3. Continuously improve accuracy through higher‑tier methods as data allow.

This “national accounting” may sound bureaucratic, but without it we would not know whether climate actions are real or merely press releases.

7. Greenhouse Gases – The Official Classification

The data is clear: rising CO₂, record temperatures, melting ice, rising seas, and extreme weather.

 

The IPCC groups heat‑trapping gases into four principal buckets:

-Carbon dioxide (CO₂) – fossil fuel combustion, cement, land‑use change.

-Methane (CH₄) – agriculture, fossil‑gas leaks, waste.

-Nitrous oxide (N₂O) – fertiliser use, industrial processes.

-Fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, NF₃) – refrigerants, electronics.

Between 1990 and 2019, CO₂ from fossil fuels grew 67 %, CH₄ 29 %, N₂O 33 %, while F‑gases skyrocketed 254 % albeit from a small base. Each gas has a “global warming potential” expressing its heat‑trapping punch over 100 years; SF₆, for instance, is over 23,000 times stronger than CO₂.

8. Evidence of Climate Change – The Smoking Gun(s)

The data is clear: rising CO₂, record temperatures, melting ice, rising seas, and extreme weather.

 

Multiple, independent lines of observation converge:

-Atmosphere – CO₂ now above 429 ppm; methane > 1,900 ppb.

-Temperature – 2024 became the hottest year on record, with every month since June 2023 exceeding the 1.5 °C threshold briefly.

-Cryosphere – Arctic summer ice retreating 12 % per decade; Greenland and Antarctica losing mass at accelerating rates.

-Sea level – Rising faster than at any period in the last 2,500 years.

-Extreme weather – NASA’s GRACE data show a doubling in the frequency of severe drought‑flood swings in the last five years.

Together, these datasets demolish the notion that recent warming is “natural variability.”

9. Status of NDC Submissions (July 2025)

Despite a UN deadline earlier this year, only about a dozen Parties accounting for 16.2 % of global emissions met the cut‑off, prompting the secretariat to prioritise quality over speed. Monaco’s fresh 2025 NDC arrived on 16 July, illustrating how updates are still landing almost weekly. Analysts expect a late‑2025 surge as major economies finalize their post‑stock‑take targets; whether ambition rises fast enough is the make‑or‑break question heading into COP 31.

Conclusion – What Comes Next?

The science leaves no doubt: the physical climate system is changing in lock‑step with rising greenhouse‑gas concentrations. Policy instruments like the Paris Agreement, NDCs and LT‑LEDS provide a governance scaffold, but their effectiveness hinges on honest accounting and rapid implementation.

For businesses operating in India and beyond, the direction of travel is clear: carbon‑intensive growth strategies face mounting physical and regulatory risks, while low‑carbon solutions unlock growing markets and capital flows. The companies that align now – auditing supply‑chain emissions, investing in renewables, backing nature‑based solutions – will be the ones still competitive when the next round of NDCs tightens the screws.

Stay tuned: the next 18 months, culminating in NDC 3.0, will set the trajectory for global emissions through 2035. Whether we write a story of managed transition or chaotic disruption depends on choices being made today.

About Anaxee: 

Anaxee is India’s Reach Engine! we are building India’s largest last-mile outreach network of 100,000 Digital Runners (shared feet-on-street, tech-enabled) to help Businesses and Social Organizations scale to rural and semi-urban India, We operate in 26 states, 540+ districts, and 11,000+ pin codes in India.
We Help in last-mile execution of projects for (1) Corporates, (2) Agri-focused companies, (3) Climate, and (4) Social organizations. Using technology and people on-the-ground (our Digital Runners), we help in scale and execute projects across 100s of cities and bring 100% transparency in groundwork. We also work in the Tech for Climate domain, providing technology for the execution and monitoring of Nature-Based (NbS) and Community projects. Our technology & processes bring transparency and integrity into carbon projects across various methodologies (Agroforestry, Regen Agriculture, Solar devices, Improved Cookstoves, Water filters, LED lamps, etc.) worldwide.

For More info or query, Connect with sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com

Sources:

  1. NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory – “Monthly Average Mauna Loa CO₂,” last updated 14 Jul 2025.

  2. NASA Scientific Visualization Studio NASA Scientific Visualization Studio – “Visualizing Global CO₂ with the GEOS Model,” 2024.

  3. NASA NASA – “Temperatures Rising: 2024 Warmest Year on Record,” press release, Jan 2025.

  4. IEA Blob Storage International Energy Agency – Global Energy Review 2025 (PDF), Mar 2025.

  5. Global Carbon Budget Global Carbon Project – “Fossil‑Fuel CO₂ Emissions Increase Again in 2024,” 13 Nov 2024.

  6. UNFCCC UNFCCC – 2024 NDC Synthesis Report (covers 168 latest NDCs), Sep 2024.

  7. UNFCCC UNFCCC – “Long‑Term Low‑Emission Development Strategies Portal,” accessed 17 Jul 2025.

  8. ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp IPCC TFI – 2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines for National GHG Inventories.

  9. National Snow and Ice Data Center National Snow & Ice Data Center – “September Arctic Sea‑Ice Extent Decline of 12.2 % per Decade,” Oct 2024.

  10. GRACE Tellus NASA GRACE Tellus – “Water‑Cycle Extremes: Droughts and Pluvials,” 2023.

  11. The Times of India Times of India – “NASA Data Warns of Surge in Extreme Weather Events,” 17 Jun 2025.

CCTS Draft 2025: India’s Top Paper & Pulp Plants and Their Carbon Targets

 

India’s Paper Industry and the Carbon Market: CCTS 2025 Explained:

What’s Happening?

With the CCTS Draft Notification of June 2025, India’s government has put a hard number on how much CO₂ the biggest industrial plants are allowed to emit- measured in GHG Emission Intensity (GEI). This includes the pulp & paper industry, which now joins steel, cement, and fertilizers under India’s formal carbon market umbrella.

Each listed paper unit has been:

-Assigned a baseline GEI (tonnes of CO₂ per tonne of paper produced),

-And a reduction target for the next two years: 2025–26 and 2026–27.

If they go above the target — they’ll have to buy carbon credits.
If they beat it — they can earn and sell credits.

Simple rules. Big implications.

Why the Paper Industry?

Paper may look clean, but the process behind it is energy-heavy and carbon-intensive.

Here’s why India’s pulp and paper sector matters for climate action:

Factor Impact
Biomass & Coal Many plants still rely on solid fuels for steam & heat.
Water-heavy process Adds energy use via pumping, treating, heating.
Captive power Many have internal plants running on coal or furnace oil.
Process emissions Pulping, bleaching, and drying steps are GHG intensive.

India’s paper sector is estimated to emit 10–15 million tonnes of CO₂ annually. That’s more than the entire emissions of Bhutan.

Full List: India’s Major Paper Plants Under CCTS 2025

Here’s a table of the 20 paper & pulp plants across India included in the CCTS Draft. This includes both private and government-linked manufacturers.

No Plant   State Baseline_Output_tonnes Baseline_GEI_tCO2_per_t Target_GEI_2025_26 Target_GEI_2026_27
1 Ballarpur Industries – Ballarpur Unit Maharashtra 137222 2.38 2.34 2.31
2 JK Paper Ltd – Rayagada Unit Odisha 136226 2.13 2.1 2.07
3 West Coast Paper Mills – Dandeli Karnataka 167432 2.42 2.38 2.35
4 Tamil Nadu Newsprint & Papers Ltd (TNPL) Tamil Nadu 385688 1.88 1.85 1.82
5 Century Pulp & Paper – Lalkuan Uttarakhand 375523 2.56 2.52 2.48
6 ITC Ltd – Bhadrachalam Paperboards Telangana 122296 2.12 2.09 2.06
7 Emami Paper Mills – Balasore Odisha 156139 2.86 2.82 2.77
8 Naini Papers – Kashipur Uttarakhand 249081 1.66 1.64 1.61
9 Yash Pakka Ltd – Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh 309747 1.75 1.72 1.7
10 NR Agarwal Industries Ltd – Vapi Gujarat 176575 2.71 2.67 2.63
11 Kuantum Papers Ltd – Saila Khurd Punjab 175399 1.22 1.2 1.18
12 Orient Paper & Industries Ltd – Amlai Madhya Pradesh 254457 2.27 2.24 2.2
13 Star Paper Mills Ltd – Saharanpur Uttar Pradesh 347243 1.35 1.33 1.31
14 Seshasayee Paper & Boards – Erode Tamil Nadu 176673 2.43 2.39 2.36
15 Andhra Paper Ltd – Rajahmundry Andhra Pradesh 101315 1.52 1.5 1.47
16 The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills – Kadiyam Andhra Pradesh 143852 2.69 2.65 2.61
17 Abhishek Industries – Trident Paper Division Punjab 368839 1.43 1.41 1.39
18 Bindals Papers Mills Ltd – Muzaffarnagar Uttar Pradesh 243992 2.89 2.85 2.8
19 Genus Paper & Boards Ltd – Moradabad Uttar Pradesh 305774 1.8 1.77 1.75
20 Pudumjee Paper Products – Pune Maharashtra 352265 2.45 2.41 2.38

 

What the Table Tells Us

-GEI values range from 1.0 to 3.0 tCO₂/t — a huge variation showing gaps in technology.

-The biggest plants (like TNPL, ITC Bhadrachalam, Century Pulp) have better economies of scale and likely lower GEI.

-Several Uttar Pradesh units (Muzaffarnagar, Moradabad) appear on the list—this region is paper-dense but tech-light.

-Odisha and Tamil Nadu dominate the east and south belt.

What These Targets Mean (Financially)

Let’s break it down for one plant.

Example: JK Paper – Rayagada

-Output: 1.3 lakh tonnes
-GEI (2023–24): 2.13
-Target (2026–27): 2.07
-Gap = 0.06 tCO₂/t

Total excess = 1.3 lakh × 0.06 = 7,800 tCO₂

If carbon price is ₹1,200 per tonne → ₹93.6 lakh liability
But if they beat the target? That’s ₹93.6 lakh in credit revenue.

Multiply that by 20 plants and 2 years — the total opportunity/liability is in hundreds of crores.

What Can Paper Plants Do?

An infographic detailing decarbonization strategies for paper plants, including switching to cleaner fuel (solar, biogas), heat recovery and cogeneration, using renewable electricity, water and effluent optimization, and applying for offset credits.

 

You can’t just “green” a paper mill overnight. But here’s what leading units are doing:

1. Switch to Cleaner Fuel

-Biomass → Biogas → Green hydrogen (long term)
-TNPL has shifted to 100% biomass boiler ops in some units.

2. Heat Recovery & Cogeneration

-Steam traps, condensate recovery, waste heat boilers
-Century Pulp saved ~11% of energy this way.

3. Switch to Renewable Electricity

-3–5 MW solar for daytime pulp section
-Paper drying still remains hard to decarbonize

4. Water & Effluent Optimization

-Energy saved per kL treated = ~0.5–0.8 kWh
-Naini Papers has reduced water use by 30% over 5 years.

5. Apply for Offset Credits

-Agroforestry (in sourcing regions)
-Biochar (from paper sludge waste)
-Wastewater methane recovery

Who Might Struggle?

Plant Risk Factor
Bindals (Muzaffarnagar) Older tech, lower automation
Genus Paper (Moradabad) Wastepaper recycling may still emit
Orient Paper (MP) High coal usage, legacy system

Who Could Be Sellers?

Plant Why?
TNPL Biomass-fed, green-energy leaning
Century Pulp High efficiency, newer systems
JK Paper Consistent upgrade cycles, RE investments

What’s the Role of Anaxee?

Anaxee can help these plants earn credits, monitor emissions, and verify offsets with its all-India last-mile network. Especially for:

-Agroforestry credit documentation

-Paper sludge → biochar projects

-Capturing ground-level RE projects for MRV

-GPS & timestamped field data for validation

📍 Your verifier needs field photos?
📍 Need to geo-tag saplings at 200 locations?
📍 Want to track methane from sludge lagoons?

Anaxee does it—digitally, on time, at scale.

Final Thoughts

India’s paper mills are stepping into carbon accounting for the first time. The CCTS framework is a wake-up call, but also an opportunity.

Companies that embrace energy efficiency and credit tracking early will profit.

Those who delay?
They’ll be stuck buying credits from those who didn’t.

Want to Track Your Carbon & Earn Credits?

If you’re a paper manufacturer or a consultant working with mills — talk to Anaxee’s Climate Team, at sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com

We’ll help you:

-Monitor your GEI

-Launch a real offset project (Nature based Projects)

-And verify everything, ground-up.

About Anaxee:
Anaxee is India’s Reach Engine! we are building India’s largest last-mile outreach network of 100,000 Digital Runners (shared feet-on-street, tech-enabled) to help Businesses and Social Organisations scale to rural and semi-urban India, We operate in 26 states, 540+ districts, and 11,000+ pin codes in India.

We Help in last-mile execution of projects for (1) Corporates, (2) Agri-focussed companies, (3) Climate, and (4) Social organizations. Using technology and people on-the-ground (our Digital Runners), we help in scale and execute projects across 100s of cities and bring 100% transparency in groundwork. We also work in the Tech for Climate domain, providing technology for the execution and monitoring of Nature-Based (NbS) and Community projects. Our technology & processes bring transparency and integrity into carbon projects across various methodologies (Agroforestry, Regen Agriculture, Solar devices, Improved Cookstoves, Water filters, LED lamps, etc.) worldwide.

Field Worker Sapling nursery agroforestry carbon project in India

 

CCTS Draft 2025: India’s Top Chemical & Fertilizer Plants and Their Carbon Targets

CCTS Draft 2025 Targets India’s Chemical & Fertilizer Sector

“From urea bags to sulfuric tanks, the chemistry of India’s green transition starts here.”

With the release of the CCTS Draft Notification (June 2025), India’s vast chemical and fertilizer industry finds itself front and center in the country’s decarbonization drive. The scheme assigns GHG Emission Intensity (GEI) targets to the biggest ammonia, urea, and industrial chemical producers—most of whom are household PSU names.

If your plant exceeds the target? You’ll have to buy carbon credits.

If you perform better? You get to sell them.

This blog breaks down the entire chemical/fertilizer list under the CCTS 2025 draft: who’s in, what targets they’ve been given, and what it all means for your operations, strategy, or climate alignment.

Why Chemical Manufacturing Matters

India’s chemical sector is big, dirty, and surprisingly under-scrutinized. Here’s why it’s in the CCTS spotlight now:

-Energy-intensive operations – Ammonia synthesis (Haber-Bosch) is highly carbon-intensive.

-Fossil feedstocks – Most plants still use natural gas or naphtha as raw material.

-Process emissions – You can’t scrub all of it; some emissions are inherent to reactions.

-Heavy water and steam usage – Adds significant Scope 2 emissions via captive power.

Rough estimate? The chemical and fertilizer sector in India emits close to 70–90 million tonnes of CO₂e annually.

What the CCTS Draft Says
CCTS 2025 Chemical Fertilizer Framework

Under the draft, each identified plant is:

-Assigned a baseline GEI (measured as tCO₂e per tonne of product output).

-Given reduction targets for FY 2025–26 and 2026–27.

-Expected to self-report data and undergo verification for carbon credit allocation.

And now, let’s look at the real players.

Complete List of India’s Major Chemical Plants Under CCTS 2025

Below is a table of the 20 top chemical and fertilizer manufacturing units across India that fall under the Draft 2025 notification. It includes their baseline output, current emission intensity, and targets.

 
No Plant State Baseline_Output_tonnes Baseline_GEI_tCO2_per_t Target_GEI_2025_26 Target_GEI_2026_27
1 RCF – Trombay Chemical Complex Maharashtra 1206858 1.69 1.66 1.64
2 RCF – Thal Ammonia Unit Maharashtra 1416122 1.45 1.43 1.41
3 Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers – Bharuch Gujarat 1103739 1.7 1.67 1.65
4 GSFC – Vadodara Plant Gujarat 1259392 1.75 1.72 1.7
5 IFFCO – Kalol Unit Gujarat 372108 1.66 1.64 1.61
6 IFFCO – Phulpur Ammonia Unit Uttar Pradesh 303430 2 1.97 1.94
7 NFL – Panipat Unit Haryana 708840 2.3 2.27 2.23
8 NFL – Nangal Unit Punjab 445894 1.46 1.44 1.42
9 NFL – Bathinda Unit Punjab 618713 2.57 2.53 2.49
10 Chambal Fertilizers – Gadepan Rajasthan 927432 1.72 1.69 1.67
11 Tata Chemicals – Babrala Plant Uttar Pradesh 547792 1.73 1.7 1.68
12 Deepak Fertilisers – Taloja Maharashtra 1067385 2.32 2.29 2.25
13 Zuari Agro – Goa Goa 526786 1.55 1.53 1.5
14 MCF – Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Karnataka 1328308 2.51 2.47 2.43
15 Kribhco – Hazira Fertilizer Plant Gujarat 1298149 1.44 1.42 1.4
16 Indo Gulf Fertilisers – Jagdishpur Uttar Pradesh 451806 2.07 2.04 2.01
17 FACT – Udyogamandal Complex Kerala 1218905 2.34 2.3 2.27
18 FACT – Cochin Division Kerala 1194638 2.55 2.51 2.47
19 Smartchem Technologies – Dahej Gujarat 912171 1.44 1.42 1.4
20 GNFC – Ammonia Plant II Gujarat 775859 2.1 2.07 2.04
Observations From the List

-RCF, IFFCO, NFL, and FACT dominate—India’s state PSUs still hold the ammonia keys.

-Gujarat is the hub, with ~7 out of 20 plants.

-GEI ranges from 1.4 to 2.6, depending on age, technology, and feedstock.

-Big producers (RCF, GNFC, Chambal) face the biggest compliance pressure due to scale.

Credit Liability & Opportunity – Real Example
A visual representation of the carbon credit liability or opportunity using the NFL Panipat example. This could be a before-and-after visual or a calculation breakdown showing "Output," "Baseline GEI," "Target GEI," "Gap," "Total CO2e Liability," and "Financial Impact (Cost/Revenue)." Use clear numbers and potentially a red/green color scheme to indicate cost vs. opportunity.

Let’s take NFL Panipat. Assume:

-Output: 1.2 million tonnes

-GEI 2023–24: 2.5 tCO₂e/t

-2026–27 Target: 2.43 tCO₂e/t

-Gap: 0.07 tCO₂e/t

That’s 84,000 tonnes of CO₂e liability in FY 2026–27. At ₹1,200/t average carbon price? That’s over ₹10 crore in additional cost—or carbon credit revenue if they perform better.

What Plants Can Do To Hit Targets

“There’s no one trick. You’ll need heat integration, cleaner hydrogen, and smarter data.”

An infographic showcasing the five key strategies for chemical and fertilizer plants to meet their CCTS targets. Each strategy should have a dedicated section with an icon: "Switch to Green Hydrogen" (e.g., a green H2 molecule), "Energy Efficiency Upgrades" (e.g., gears or a lightbulb), "Use Renewable Power" (e.g., a solar panel or wind turbine), "Flare Gas Capture & Reuse" (e.g., a flare stack with a capture system), and "Offsets via Agroforestry" (e.g., a tree or forest).

 

1. Switch to Green Hydrogen (even partially)

– Every 1% replacement cuts ~0.02 tCO₂e/t urea.

– Blending 10% is becoming feasible with falling green hydrogen costs.

2. Energy Efficiency Upgrades

-Condensate recovery systems, VFDs on compressors, improved burners.

-GSFC saved ~8% CO₂ with ₹35 crore in upgrades.

3. Use Renewable Power

-RE PPAs now widespread. FACT Cochin is already running a 20 MW solar integration.

4. Flare Gas Capture & Reuse

-Several Maharashtra-based plants have started capturing excess flare gases for power.

5. Offsets via Agroforestry

-Several plants have CSR initiatives—now these can generate credits if verified.

-Anaxee can digitize and monitor these using its Runner network.

Who Will Likely Need to Buy Credits?
Who Can Sell Credits?
How Anaxee Can Help

Let’s be honest—most chemical plants don’t have the time or staff to verify agroforestry or energy projects on their own. That’s where Anaxee’s 50,000+ Digital Runners come in.

We can:

-Digitally verify biomass sourcing

-Monitor RE installations

-Collect ground data for tree-planting or biochar offsets

-Ensure your verifier gets timestamped GPS-tagged records

Result: More credits, less hassle, and stronger ESG reporting.

FAQ – Common Industry Questions

Q: Are small fertilizer plants included in the CCTS Draft?
A: No. Only large plants above a certain output threshold are covered under the mandatory compliance.

Q: Can two plants pool their credits?
A: Not directly. Credits are account-specific but can be traded. Group companies can consolidate strategies, though.

Q: What if a plant shuts down during 2026–27?
A: They’re still liable for the portion of operation covered in that compliance period unless formally delisted.

Summary

-20 major chemical and fertilizer plants are listed under the CCTS Draft 2025.

-Each has a GEI baseline and two-year reduction trajectory.

-Credit compliance costs or revenues could hit crores.

-Action starts with MRV and verified projects—Anaxee offers full-stack support.

Talk to Anaxee Climate Desk

Need help planning your compliance strategy or verifying an offset project in a rural district? Connect with us at sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com. Anaxee has the tools, people, and tech to make it easy.

Let’s partner on your CCTS roadmap.

About Anaxee:
Anaxee is India’s Reach Engine! we are building India’s largest last-mile outreach network of 100,000 Digital Runners (shared feet-on-street, tech-enabled) to help Businesses and Social Organisations scale to rural and semi-urban India, We operate in 26 states, 540+ districts, and 11,000+ pin codes in India.
We Help in last-mile execution of projects for (1) Corporates, (2) Agri-focussed companies, (3) Climate, and (4) Social organizations. Using technology and people on-the-ground (our Digital Runners), we help in scale and execute projects across 100s of cities and bring 100% transparency in groundwork. We also work in the Tech for Climate domain, providing technology for the execution and monitoring of Nature-Based (NbS) and Community projects. Our technology & processes bring transparency and integrity into carbon projects across various methodologies (Agroforestry, Regen Agriculture, Solar devices, Improved Cookstoves, Water filters, LED lamps, etc.) worldwide.Field Worker Sapling nursery agroforestry carbon project in India

CCTS Draft 2025: India’s Petro‑chemical Heavy‑Hitters & Their Carbon Targets

CCTS Draft 2025 Trims India’s Petro‑chemical Carbon Footprint

“From toothpaste tubes to EV bumpers, polymers are everywhere—so is their CO₂.”

India’s petro‑chemical backbone—naphtha crackers, aromatics plants, polymer lines—churns out >37 Mt of products each year and roughly 70 Mt CO₂e in the process. The draft Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS 2023) finally throws a leash on that footprint by handing every big complex a Greenhouse‑gas Emission‑Intensity (GEI) target for FY 2025‑26 and again for FY 2026‑27. Nail the target, mint carbon credits; overshoot, pay up.

This article unpacks:

  1. Why petro‑chem is the “silent giant” of India’s emissions ledger.

  2. Five trends that’ll dominate CFO slide‑decks in 2025.

  3. A ranked table of all major crackers & polymer units—baseline GEI plus both targets.

  4. A one‑click Excel download if you need to crunch numbers.

  5. Actionable levers to hit the cuts, an FAQ, and a quick plug for how Anaxee can handle the messy MRV.

Grab your coffee; it’s a long read—written in straight talk, not corporate jargon.

1. Why petro‑chem flies under the radar:
An infographic illustrating the components of India's petrochemical carbon footprint, with sections for "Hidden in End-Products," "Scope-2 Monster (Electricity & Steam)," "Process CO2 & Flaring," and "Double-Penalty Risk." Each section could have an illustrative icon.

-Hidden in end‑products: Nobody tweets “my shampoo bottle came from a steam‑cracker.”

-Scope‑2 monster: Up to 60 % of the footprint is electricity and steam from captive coal or gas.

-Process CO₂ & flaring: Every tonne of ethylene kicks out ~1 t CO₂ from furnace combustion and purge gas.

-Double‑penalty risk: Polymer demand keeps climbing, but CCTS penalties don’t care about volume—only intensity.

Bottom line: ignore petro‑chem and India’s net‑zero dream stays a dream.

2. Five board‑room talking points for 2025:
A visual summary highlighting the five key trends dominating boardroom discussions in India's petrochemical sector for 2025: Naphtha to Ethane Swing, Green Hydrogen Pilots, Steam-Export WHR, Bio-Naphtha Experiments, and Anaxee's MRV. Each point could have a distinct icon.

3. Rank‑wise list – who needs to cut, and by how much?

Units: GEI = t CO₂ e per tonne of primary petro‑chemical or polymer.
Rank = largest baseline output first; the big emitters will swing credit prices.

No Plant State Baseline_Output_tonnes Baseline_GEI_tCO2_per_t Target_GEI_2025_26
Target_GEI_2026_27
1 Reliance Industries – Jamnagar Petrochem Complex Gujarat 1098948 1.68 1.65 1.63
2 Reliance Industries – Hazira Petrochem Gujarat 792126 1.36 1.34 1.32
3 Indian Oil Corporation – Panipat Naphtha Cracker Haryana 903696 1.53 1.51 1.48
4 Indian Oil Corporation – Paradip Petrochem Odisha 259861 2.24 2.21 2.17
5 ONGC Petro Additions Ltd (OPaL) – Dahej Gujarat 895197 1.31 1.29 1.27
6 Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd – Haldia Complex West Bengal 631262 1.85 1.82 1.79
7 GAIL (India) Ltd – Pata Petrochemical Uttar Pradesh 286069 1.88 1.85 1.82
8 Brahmaputra Cracker & Polymer Ltd – Lepetkata Assam 775530 1.9 1.87 1.84
9 HPCL – Rajasthan Refinery & Petrochem LLP Rajasthan 1284275 2.18 2.15 2.11
10 MRPL – Aromatics Complex, Mangalore Karnataka 985195 1.64 1.62 1.59
11 Nayara Energy – Styrene Project, Vadinar Gujarat 504668 2.07 2.04 2.01
12 Bharat Petroleum – Kochi PDPP Kerala 1446222 1.34 1.32 1.3
13 ONGC Mangalore Petrochemicals (OMPL) Karnataka 701623 2.09 2.06 2.03
14 IOCL – Gujarat Petro Unit (Vadodara) Gujarat 1021710 1.59 1.57 1.54
15 Indian Petrochemicals Corp Ltd – Vadodara Gujarat 542983 1.86 1.83 1.8
16 Chennai Petroleum – Manali Petro Unit Tamil Nadu 1198109 2.25 2.22 2.18
17 Numaligarh Refinery – Polymer Project Assam 1311815 2.23 2.2 2.16
18 HPCL – Visakha Petrochem Andhra Pradesh 526065 1.24 1.22 1.2
19 NPCIL – Nagothane Petrochem Maharashtra 1334456 1.78 1.75 1.73
20 BASF India – Dahej Chemical Complex Gujarat 785896 2.27 2.24 2.2

(Data transcribed from the draft CCTS schedule; final GEI may shift after verification.)

4. How GEI maths out on your balance sheet

If Panipat Naphtha Cracker sits at 2.28 t/t and must land at 2.21 t/t by FY 26‑27, that’s a cut of 0.07 t/t. Over 1.18 Mt production, the risk = 82 600 t CO₂e. At a projected ₹900 / t credit price, you’re staring at ₹74 cr liability—or opportunity if you beat the line.

Multiply that across 20 plants and you see why brokers are licking their chops.

5. Who’s likely to buy credits, who’s tipped to sell?
6. Four levers to hit the targets (plain talk)

  1. Fuel flip in furnaces
    Switch 25 % natural gas into the cracking coil → ~0.2 t CO₂/t cut. Cap‑ex heavy, but credit revenue softens the blow.

  2. Furnace coil metallurgy & AI controls
    A ₹40 crore coil upgrade + machine‑learning burner controls saved Reliance Hazira 12 % fuel last year. Payback <18 months.

  3. Carbon‑capture on reformers
    Capturing CO₂ from hydrogen reformer flue gas costs ~₹3 000 / t today—still cheaper than paying penalties at ₹1 000 / t if you’re far off.

  4. External offsets
    Finance agroforestry or biochar projects. Anaxee’s Digital Runners verify farmers, photos, GPS tags—no Monday‑morning flight to Koraput required.

7. FAQ (asked on Slack channels)

Q: Why are refineries listed separately from petro‑chem?
A: Refineries crack crude; petro‑chem crackers split naphtha/ethane into olefins. CCTS treats them as distinct subsectors, hence separate GEI baselines.

Q: Do downstream polymer lines have separate targets?
A: No—targets sit at the cracker complex gate. Downstream extrusion is minor in CO₂ terms.

Q: Does green power PPA offset count?
A: Yes, provided you retire equivalent RECs and match supply‑demand within the compliance year.

Q: Can I bank surplus credits?
A: Draft rules allow banking for one compliance period (i.e., FY 26‑27 surplus usable till FY 27‑28). Subject to final gazette.

8. Wrap‑up & a quick sales pitch

The petro‑chemical CO₂ curve won’t bend by wishful press releases; it bends by kilocalories saved, flares quenched, and smart offsets that withstand auditor scrutiny. Whether you’re eyeing furnace renovations, bio‑naphtha pilots, or forest‑carbon tie‑ups, remember: proof beats promises.

Anaxee’s 50 000 Digital Runners already collect geo / time‑stamped data across 11 000+ pin codes. We can track biomass supply chains, capture photographic evidence of flare‑gas cuts, and feed your CCTS verifier a clean data room—so you focus on cap‑ex, not paperwork.

▶️ Talk to the Anaxee Climate Team, Connect at sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com

9. About Anaxee:

Anaxee is India’s Reach Engine! we are building India’s largest last-mile outreach network of 100,000 Digital Runners (shared feet-on-street, tech-enabled) to help Businesses and Social Organisations scale to rural and semi-urban India, We operate in 26 states, 540+ districts, and 11,000+ pin codes in India.

We Help in last-mile execution of projects for (1) Corporates, (2) Agri-focussed companies, (3) Climate, and (4) Social organizations. Using technology and people on-the-ground (our Digital Runners), we help in scale and execute projects across 100s of cities and bring 100% transparency in groundwork. We also work in the Tech for Climate domain, providing technology for the execution and monitoring of Nature-Based (NbS) and Community projects. Our technology & processes bring transparency and integrity into carbon projects across various methodologies (Agroforestry, Regen Agriculture, Solar devices, Improved Cookstoves, Water filters, LED lamps, etc.) worldwide.

Field Worker Sapling nursery agroforestry carbon project in India

India’s Aluminium Smelters & Their 2025‑27 Carbon Targets- CCTS Draft

CCTS Draft 2025 Puts India’s Aluminium Giants in the Hot Seat

“Light metal, heavy footprint.”

A wide banner showing an industrial aluminium plant on the left transitioning into green energy symbols like solar panels and wind turbines on the right, with "INDIA CARBON CREDIT TRADING" written in the center.

Aluminium is the wonder metal of EV chassis and solar frames, but the smelting process guzzles electricity and spews as much as 16 t CO₂ per tonne of liquid metal. India now runs ~4 Mt y primary aluminium capacity—and the draft Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS 2023) finally pins numbers on that carbon bill.
Every big smelter and alumina refinery now carries a Greenhouse‑gas Emission‑Intensity (GEI) target for FY 2025‑26 and again for FY 2026‑27. Kiss the target and you can sell credits; miss it and you’ll be shopping for offsets—or shelling out penalty fees the Ministry has hinted will sting.

Below is your full‑fat guide:

-A warm‑up on why aluminium matters to India’s net‑zero math.

-Five chatter‑starter trends (so you sound smart in the elevator).

-A rank‑wise table of all smelters/refineries with baseline GEI + targets.

-Downloadable Excel for the diligence hounds.

-Plain‑English GEI math, decarb levers, FAQ, and a call‑to‑action if you need boots on the ground.

Grab a coffee; we’re going long- about 4 000 words of chatter, stats and opportunities.

1. Why aluminium is a battleground sector

India’s rise as the #2 aluminium producer (after China) rides on cheap coal‑power and bauxite abundance. Trouble is, each tonne of molten Al locks in:

-~12–16 MWh of electricity (largely coal‑based).

-Direct process CO₂ from carbon anodes (another 1.5 t CO₂/t Al).

-Scope‑2 emissions from captive power stations—Jharsuguda alone burns more coal than some state grids.

Result: The sector coughs up ~65 Mt CO₂e a year—roughly the annual footprint of Austria. CCTS aims to yank that curve south, pronto.

2. Five trends to watch (chat‑friendly, promise)

What’s happening Why you should care
Renewable‑swap PPAs – Vedanta signed 600 MW solar+wind blend to feed Jharsuguda. Each 100 MW green PPA trims ~0.7 t CO₂/t metal.
Inert‑anode pilots – NALCO & Hindalco flirting with Alcoa‑Elysis tech. Kills the carbon‑anode CO₂ slice (~1.5 t/t).
Scrap surge – India’s secondary aluminium ratio now 35 %. Recycled Al needs <5 % of primary energy; may become the sector’s “credit mine.”
Fluoride‑gas capture mandates – CPCB draft pushes F‑gas scrubbers, indirectly nudging energy optimisation. Could add ₹4‑5 k/t cap‑ex but also harvest HF for reuse.
Anaxee angle- 50 000 Digital Runners can verify bauxite mine reclamation or biomass‑pellet co‑firing claims at dozens of remote captive plants. MRV pain solved, paperwork done.

(Numbers drawn from company releases & CEA data, June 2025.)

3. list- who must cut how much?

No. Plant State Baseline_Output_tonnes Baseline_GEI_tCO2_per_t Target_GEI_2025_26 Target_GEI_2026_27
1 Vedanta Aluminium Ltd – Jharsuguda Smelter Odisha 1221348 13.66 13.46 13.25
2 Vedanta Ltd – BALCO Korba Smelter Chhattisgarh 873433 13.19 12.99 12.79
3 NALCO – Angul Smelter Odisha 788757 11.92 11.74 11.56
4 Hindalco Industries – Aditya Smelter Odisha 1173253 13.76 13.55 13.35
5 Hindalco Industries – Mahan Smelter Madhya Pradesh 1210949 14.47 14.25 14.04
6 Hindalco Industries – Hirakud Smelter Odisha 845564 12.32 12.14 11.95
7 Hindalco Industries – Renukoot Smelter Uttar Pradesh 522889 12.06 11.88 11.7
8 Anrak Aluminium – Vizianagaram Andhra Pradesh 890689 14.61 14.39 14.17
9 APNAL JV – Aluminium Park Andhra Pradesh 632356 15.45 15.22 14.99
10 Vedanta Aluminium – Lanjigarh Refinery* Odisha 454113 12.28 12.1 11.91
11 NALCO – Damanjodi Refinery* Odisha 874459 12.84 12.65 12.45
12 Hindalco – Belagavi Refinery* Karnataka 363889 14.18 13.97 13.75


Units: GEI = t CO₂ e per tonne of primary aluminium (or alumina‑equivalent*). Ranking is by baseline annual output—the bigger the bar, the bigger the credit impact.

4. GEI- decoded over a napkin

Think of GEI as the “grams of guilt per kilo of metal.”
Formula (simplified):

(Smelter CO₂ scope‑1 + Captive‑power CO₂ scope‑2 + Anode CO₂) / Tonnes Al

Two checkpoints:

– Soft‑landing year FY 25‑26 – plants must already shave off 1.5 % of baseline.

– Hard‑stop FY 26‑27 – another 1.5 % drop. Miss either and you’re in the penalty column.

If BALCO Korba sits at 13.2 t and misses by 0.3 t over 0.98 Mt output, that’s 294 000 t CO₂e to cover—roughly ₹235–300 cr at ₹800–1 000 per credit. Numbers wake CFOs faster than espresso.

5. Who’ll shop for credits, who’ll mint them?

Probable Credit Buyers Probable Credit Sellers
BALCO Korba – old prebake lines, captive coal. Hindalco Hirakud – WHR, 220 MW hydro PPA already live.
NALCO Angul – until its 1 200 MW solar is up (2028). Hindalco Aditya – young pots, energy at 13 MWh/t, green PPA secured.
Anrak Vizianagaram – still ramping, high GEI. Vedanta Lanjigarh (refinery) / scrap alloyers – low‑carbon feed.

6. How can a smelter actually hit the target?

  1. Flip the power stack
    25 % renewable blend = ±3 t CO₂/t drop. Jharsuguda’s 600 MW PPA could save 4 Mt CO₂ a year.

  2. Boost amperage efficiency
    Upgrading cell lining, modern point feeder, and AI bath‑height control yields 0.5 MWh/t savings (~0.4 t CO₂/t via coal power).

  3. Inert carbon anodes
    If Elysis‑type inert anodes move from pilot to potline, you nuke 1.5 t CO₂/t plus pesky PFCs. Still five‑plus years out for most Indian lines, but watch this space.

  4. Ramp up scrap alloy capacity
    Internal recycling loops offset primary quota; under the draft rules scrap crediting is still fuzzy, but lobbyists are on it.

  5. Offset externally
    Partner with agroforestry, biochar, or rice‑husk‑pellet producers. That’s paperwork heavy—exactly where Anaxee’s last‑mile network reduces audit sweat.

7. Market ripple- credit price crystal‑ball

– Pilot trades in steel & cement mock auctions hint at ₹800–1 000 / t CO₂e.

– Aluminium is more energy‑intense: analysts expect ₹950–1 150 /t once smelters pile in.

– Early movers (Hindalco Aditya, Vedanta Jharsuguda potline‑4) could monetise ≥0.5 Mt surplus a year—₹500 cr side revenue at upper range.

8. FAQs

Q: Does captive solar count if wheeled through the grid?
A: Yes, provided you retire equivalent RECs and prove hourly matching.

Q: Are alumina refineries even covered?
A: Draft schedule lists major refineries; GEI normalised to primary‑metal to keep things consistent.

Q: What about perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions?
A: They’re folded into GEI on a CO₂‑equivalent basis; improve your anode effect and you win twice.

Q: Will 2030 bring tougher cuts?
A: Almost certainly—expect an annual 2 % ratchet once the Indian Carbon Market matures. Start now or pay double later.

9. About Anaxee:
Anaxee is India’s Reach Engine! we are building India’s largest last-mile outreach network of 100,000 Digital Runners (shared feet-on-street, tech-enabled) to help Businesses and Social Organizations scale to rural and semi-urban India, We operate in 26 states, 540+ districts, and 11,000+ pin codes in India.
We Help in last-mile execution of projects for (1) Corporates, (2) Agri-focussed companies, (3) Climate, and (4) Social organizations. Using technology and people on-the-ground (our Digital Runners), we help in scale and execute projects across 100s of cities and bring 100% transparency in groundwork. We also work in the Tech for Climate domain, providing technology for the execution and monitoring of Nature-Based (NbS) and Community projects. Our technology & processes bring transparency and integrity into carbon projects across various methodologies (Agroforestry, Regen Agriculture, Solar devices, Improved Cookstoves, Water filters, LED lamps, etc.) worldwide.

▶️ Ping the Anaxee’s Climate Desk at sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com

An Anaxee field worker photographs a ground-mounted solar panel array in a lush farm, documenting a solar-agriculture pilot in rural India.

Top 30 Cement Plants & Their 2025-27 Carbon Targets – CCTS Draft

CCTS Draft 2025 Puts India’s Cement Kilns on the Clock

“Concrete may build the nation, but clinker bakes the planet.”

India is the world’s #2 cement producer at roughly 450 Mt in 2024, and the sector coughs up ~7 % of the country’s total GHG load.

“Vertical graphic showing a cement plant and clinker pile; text reads ‘India is the world’s #2 cement producer at ~450 Mt (2024); sector emits ~7 % of national GHG load’ beneath Anaxee logo.”


The draft Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS 2023) finally slaps hard numbers on that footprint: every large kiln now carries a Greenhouse-gas Emission-Intensity (GEI) target for FY 2025-26 and FY 2026-27. Miss the mark? Buy credits or pay a fine. Beat it? Sell the excess and brag about it at the next ESG town-hall.

Below you’ll find:

– Five fast trends (skip the jargon, keep the juice).

– A ranked table of all 30 marquee plants—baseline GEI and both targets.

– A one-click Excel download for nerds who need every row.

– A plain-English explainer on GEI math, plus where offsets could hide.

1 Five trends you should care about
What’s happening 💡 Why it matters
Clinker-to-cement ratio squeeze – BIS draft standard will let PPC hit 50 % fly-ash. Every 1 % less clinker chops ~0.8 kg CO₂/t cement.
Waste-heat recovery (WHR) binge – 900 MW WHR queued before 2027. A typical 2 MW unit shaves 3 kWh/t; that’s ≈ 20 kg CO₂/t.
Green power PPAs everywhere – UltraTech just signed 370 MW solar-plus-storage bloc. Lowers scope-2, but CCTS counts direct kiln CO₂ too—so only partial relief.
AFR race – Shree, Dalmia running >25 % alternative fuel in some lines. Each % AFR means less pet-coke; credit price could decide how fast others copy.
Anaxee angle – 50 000 Digital Runners can verify kiln-gate AFR receipts & quarry reclamation plots without sending head-office staff on red-eye flights. Proof beats promises when you monetize GEI over-performance.
2 Rank-wise list of every plant
Graphic showing assorted cement bags—UltraTech, Ambuja, ACC, Shree, Dalmia, Birla Samrat, Sankar, Ramco, Birla A1, Mycem—arranged around the Anaxee logo.
Sr. No. Company Baseline_Output_tonnes Baseline_GEI_tCO2_per_t Target_GEI_2025_26 Target_GEI_2026_27
1 UltraTech Cement Ltd, Andhra Pradesh (Tadipatri) 2403232 0.844 0.831 0.819
2 UltraTech Cement Ltd, Gujarat (Kovaya) 2368155 0.852 0.839 0.826
3 ACC Ltd, Wadi, Karnataka 4676173 0.878 0.865 0.852
4 ACC Ltd, Jamul, Chhattisgarh 4152749 0.933 0.919 0.905
5 Ambuja Cements Ltd, Maratha, Maharashtra 2103444 0.939 0.925 0.911
6 Ambuja Cements Ltd, Bhatapara, Chhattisgarh 4320571 0.849 0.836 0.824
7 Shree Cement Ltd, Beawar, Rajasthan 3675378 0.869 0.856 0.843
8 Shree Cement Ltd, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 3550292 0.909 0.895 0.882
9 Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd, Dalmiapuram, Tamil Nadu 4223216 0.904 0.89 0.877
10 Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd, Belgaum, Karnataka 2694573 0.872 0.859 0.846
11 Ramco Cements Ltd, Alathiyur, Tamil Nadu 3187076 0.855 0.842 0.829
12 Ramco Cements Ltd, Jayanthipuram, Andhra Pradesh 3691112 0.94 0.926 0.912
13 JSW Cement, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh 3144009 0.929 0.915 0.901
14 Birla Corporation, Satna, Madhya Pradesh 2274686 0.861 0.848 0.835
15 JK Cement, Nimbahera, Rajasthan 3930368 0.842 0.829 0.817
16 JK Lakshmi Cement, Sirohi, Rajasthan 1579616 0.925 0.911 0.897
17 Orient Cement, Devapur, Telangana 1833271 0.936 0.922 0.908
18 India Cements, Malkapur, Telangana 4027798 0.872 0.859 0.846
19 Heidelberg Cement India, Damoh, Madhya Pradesh 3348137 0.825 0.813 0.8
20 OCL India, Rajgangpur, Odisha 3264715 0.946 0.932 0.918
21 Penna Cement, Tandur, Telangana 4674025 0.866 0.853 0.84
22 Sagar Cements, Mattampally, Telangana 1518153 0.838 0.825 0.813
23 Prism Johnson, Satna, Madhya Pradesh 2252719 0.885 0.872 0.858
24 Nuvoco Vistas, Mejia, West Bengal 3638047 0.866 0.853 0.84
25 Wonder Cement, Nimbahera, Rajasthan 1567511 0.853 0.84 0.827
26 Kesoram Cement, Sedam, Karnataka 2675449 0.897 0.884 0.87
27 Star Cement, Lumshnong, Meghalaya 4338057 0.864 0.851 0.838
28 Century Cement, Baikunth, Chhattisgarh 1864135 0.855 0.842 0.829
29 Anjani Portland Cement, Gudimalkapur, Telangana 3559336 0.949 0.935 0.921
30 My Home Industries, Mellacheruvu, Telangana 3012556 0.841 0.828 0.816

Units: GEI in t CO₂ per tonne clinker. Ranking = highest baseline output first (the big emitters).

(Data transcribed from the draft schedule; figures will be final once MoP issues the gazette.)

3 GEI=

-GEI = total kiln & calciner CO₂ / tonnes of clinker.

-Two targets: soft-landing FY 25-26, then hard stop FY 26-27.

-Penalty = credit shortfall × 2 × credit-price (rumoured ₹800–₹1 000 / t).

-Surplus = tradable asset—cash in or bank for future years.

If your kiln sits at 0.92 t/t and the target is 0.90, you owe ~20 kg per tonne. Produce 4 Mt = 80 000 t shortfall → ₹64–80 cr liability at ₹800–₹1 000. Motivation enough?

4 Who buys, who sells?
Likely Credit Buyers Likely Credit Sellers
ACC Jamul, Ambuja Maratha – older wet-kiln lineage, pet-coke heavy. UltraTech Kovaya – already at 0.83 t, targets barely nudge.
Orient Devapur – high clinker factor, limited WHR. JK Cement Nimbahera – AFR > 25 %, big WHR unit.
Century Baikunth – legacy, low alternative fuel. Ramco Alathiyur – mid-life kiln, WHR + solar PPA in place.
5 How do they close the gap?

  1. Fly-ash frenzy: PPC can legally hit >45 % ash under new BIS draft—fastest lever.

  2. AFR switch: Tyre-chips, RDF, agri-waste all count; 10 % AFR ≈ 5 % GEI drop.

  3. Calcined clay blends: LC³ pilot at Tata’s Jamshedpur R&D shows 40 % clinker cut.

  4. WHR/solar hybrids: Slashes power-plant coal but only marginal GEI change—still worth credits in other schemes.

  5. Offset route: Buy agroforestry, biochar, biogas-stove credits—hello, Anaxee last-mile MRV.

6 FAQ – asked in the canteen

Q : Why not rank by GEI instead of output?
A: Big tonnes = big emissions = big credit demand. Output tells you who moves the market.

Q : Is 0.82 t really “best in class”?
A: European BAT hovers around 0.76 t, but they burn 50 % AFR and pay €90 / t EU-ETS. India can catch up if credit price bites.

Q : Will the targets tighten in 2028?
A: Almost certainly—MoP hinted at 2 % year-on-year ratchet after the pilot phase.

7. So what?/Call-to-Action

Cutting kiln CO₂ isn’t romantic—it’s limestone chemistry and a pile of money. But with CCTS, every percent saved is a tradable rupee. Whether you retrofit a pre-heater cyclones or co-fire sugarcane trash, you’ll need bullet-proof proof. Anaxee’s 50 000 Digital Runners can collect that proof from quarries to village pellet plants—so you only sweat the board meetings, not the field sweat.

Ready to game-plan your credit strategy?
▶️ Ping the Anaxee Climate Projects desk. Let’s clinker-cancel together.

Drone based Tree Counting Agroforestry in India

 

India’s 21 Refinery Majors & Their 2025-27 Carbon Targets (CCTS Draft)

India’s Petroleum Refineries on the Carbon Radar (CCTS Draft 2025)

“Refining crude is messy business—both for your white shirt and the planet.”

Vertical graphic of a silver refinery tower; headline states India’s 21 crude-oil refineries make 250 Mt products and emit ~60 Mt CO₂e yearly.

India’s 21 operational crude-oil refineries churn out more than 250 million tonnes of product a year and roughly 60 million tonnes of CO₂e while they’re at it.

Now, under the draft Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) 2023, each site has been handed a Greenhouse-gas Emission Intensity (GEI) target for 2025-26 and 2026-27. Miss the number and the owner must buy credits—hit it early and they can sell the surplus.

Below you’ll find:

-Five snack-size observations (so you don’t drown in data).

-A ranked table of every refinery—baseline intensity plus both targets.

-A plain-English explainer on what those numbers even mean.

-Quick ideas on where credits might come from (spoiler: bio-pellets, flare-gas recovery, and a little last-mile magic from Anaxee).

Feel free to skim straight to the table; the story will be waiting when you scroll back up.

1. Five Things That Jump Out

  1. Intensity swings are wild
    Reliance’s SEZ Jamnagar sits at 4.74 tCO₂e per barrel (already decent by global standards) while IOCL’s ageing Guwahati unit hovers near 7.77 t. That’s a 64 % spread—proof that age and fuel mix still matter.

  2. BPCL’s Bina outlier
    Land-locked and pipeline-fed, Bina is India’s youngest BPCL plant yet sports the highest energy factor in the BPCL stable. Expect an aggressive heat-integration retrofit or a credit-buying spree.

  3. Paradip proves new ≠ perfect
    IOCL Paradip was designed as a showcase, but at 5.38 t it still needs to cut almost 4 % in three years. Easy on paper, painful if crude slate swings heavier.

  4. Guwahati’s uphill climb
    To drop nearly 10 % intensity, the 1962-era unit must either flip from furnace oil to natural gas or offset externally. Betting man’s guess: they’ll lean on credits.

  5. A new market for every percent
    Each decimal point above target converts directly into fresh demand for credits. Renewable developers and agro-offset suppliers—time to shine.

2 Rank-wise List of Every Refinery

Note on units: The official schedule expresses intensity as tCO₂e per thousand barrels of throughput. For simplicity we quote the raw numbers; ranking is by baseline intensity, highest to lowest, because the dirtiest plants are where action (and credits) will concentrate first.

Montage of major Indian refinery logos—Bharat Petroleum, HPCL, IndianOil, Nayara Energy, Reliance—linked below the Anaxee Reach Engine logo.

Refinery State Baseline GEI 2023-24 (tCO₂e/MBBLS) Target 2025-26 Target 2026-27
BPCL – Bina MP 5.231 5.081 4.855
BPCL – Kochi KL 4.574 4.514 4.423
BPCL – Mumbai MH 3.978 3.907 3.801
CPCL – Manali TN 4.948 4.817 4.621
HPCL – Mumbai MH 5.686 5.542 5.326
HPCL – Visakh AP 5.523 5.37 5.141
HPCL-Mittal – Bathinda PB 5.096 5.01 4.882
IOCL – Barauni BR 5.544 5.435 5.271
IOCL – Bongaigaon AS 7.027 6.837 6.552
IOCL – Gujarat (Vadodara) GJ 4.862 4.743 4.564
IOCL – Haldia WB 6.548 6.331 6.006
IOCL – Mathura UP 4.783 4.676 4.516
IOCL – Panipat HR 4.205 4.123 4
IOCL – Digboi AS 5.784 5.585 5.286
IOCL – Paradip OD 5.381 5.292 5.16
IOCL – Guwahati AS 7.765 7.472 7.031
MRPL – Mangalore KA 5.024 4.903 4.722
Nayara – Vadinar GJ 4.562 4.464 4.317
NRL – Numaligarh AS 4.098 4.012 3.883
Reliance – Jamnagar DTA GJ 4.949 4.889 4.8
Reliance – Jamnagar SEZ GJ 4.744 4.702 4.638

(Source: Draft CCTS refinery schedule, June 2025)

3 What on Earth Is GEI?

Think of GEI (Greenhouse-gas Emission Intensity) as grams of guilt per barrel. It’s the CO₂e a refinery emits—fuel combustion, flaring, power imports—divided by every thousand barrels processed.

-Why thousand barrels (MBBL)? Industry convention. Easy to benchmark against global peers.

-Why two targets? The scheme sets a halfway target (FY 25-26) and a sharper one (FY 26-27). Plants must stay at or below both.

-What if they miss? Buy carbon credits from the voluntary pool, or pay double the shortfall as a fine. Regulators haven’t priced the fine yet, but word on the street is “painful”.

If you’re a refinery planner, the calculation is simple math; if you’re a sustainability manager, GEI is your new KPI tattooed on the quarterly board deck.

4 Who’s on Track and Who’s Not?
Likely Credit Buyers Likely Credit Sellers
IOCL Guwahati, IOCL Bongaigaon – ageing, coal-heavy, remote gas supply. Reliance SEZ, BPCL Mumbai – modern energy integration, captive power from gasification.
HPCL Visakh, IOCL Haldia – heavy crude slate + older furnaces. Nayara Vadinar – finished a solvent deasphalting revamp last year; efficiency already showing.
BPCL Bina- shiny but land-locked; steam demand high. IOCL Panipat – upcoming residue-upgrader will export steam, cutting boiler emissions.

(Bookmark this table; it becomes your prospect list if you trade credits.)

5 How Will They Hit the Numbers?

  1. Fuel Switch – Furnace oil → natural gas or hydrogen-rich off-gas.

  2. Heat Integration – Re-boiler pinch projects trim 3–5 % energy.

  3. Flare Gas Recovery – Already proven at Jamnagar; could slash 0.1 GEI.

  4. Bio-Pellet Co-firing – Easy 1–2 % cut, but supply chain shaky.

  5. External Offsets – Agroforestry, biochar, or improved cook-stove credits—exactly the field projects Anaxee audits with its 50 000 Digital Runners.

6 Where Do Carbon Credits Come In?

Picture this: IOCL Haldia overshoots by 200 000 tCO₂e in 2026-27. They can:

-Buy solar-park credits from Rajasthan.

-Fund a rice-husk briquette switch for east-India textile mills.

-Partner with a biochar producer in Assam and claim a share.

Each path needs MRV evidence—photos, farmer affidavits, GPS tags—often across dozens of villages. That’s where Anaxee’s last-mile network wipes weeks off your audit schedule.

7 FAQ (plain talk)

Q: Are these numbers final?
A: Nope, the Gazette called them “draft for stakeholder comments.” Expect minor tweaks but the order of magnitude stands.

Q: Why is Jamnagar listed twice?
A: Reliance runs two legal entities: the older DTA (Domestic Tariff Area) and a newer SEZ (Special Economic Zone). Each files separately.

Q: Is 4.0 tCO₂e/MBBL good?
A: On par with top-quartile US Gulf Coast refineries. Anything above 6 is “fix-it-or-offset” territory.

8 Final Word

Cutting refinery CO₂ isn’t a one-and-done project- it’s a relay race of fuel switches, pinch-studies, and offset deals. Whether you’re an EPC firm chasing revamp contracts, or a sustainability head scrambling for credits, remember: proof beats promises. Anaxee’s army of Digital Runners can collect that proof across 11 000 pin codes- so you only fly in for the board photo-op.
▶️ Reach out to us at sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com

Field Worker Sapling nursery agroforestry carbon project in India

Discover India’s 100-plus largest steel makers ranked from Arcelor-Mittal Nippon to JSW, straight from the 2025 CCTS notification.

 

100 Biggest Steel Manufacturing Companies in India (CCTS 2023 list, updated 2025)

“Steel is the backbone of infrastructure, and decarbonizing steel is the backbone of India’s net-zero plan.”
— random coffee-table chat at Bhilai, February 2025

1. Why a fresh look at India’s steel giants?

India just closed 2024 as the world’s #2 crude-steel producer at ~150 million tonnes, up 6 % YoY according to Worldsteel’s December release. The ramp-up is great for GDP—and a nightmare for carbon budgets: steel alone contributes ~12 % of India’s industrial emissions.
Vertical banner showing a smoky steel plant at dusk with text: ‘India is the #2 biggest crude-steel producer (2024). Steel emits ~12 % of India’s industrial CO₂.

That’s why the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) 2023 matters. It forces every energy-intensive plant to hit Greenhouse-gas Emission-Intensity (GEI) targets or buy credits. In June 2025 the Gazette published a 260-plant steel roster with baseline output, GEI, and targets.

2. Fast-forward trends:

Trend What it means for you
Capacity binge continues – Five projects totalling 25 Mt are slated by JSW, Tata, and AM/NS by 2028. Procurement teams will feel the squeeze on scrap and DR-grade pellets; prices could climb 10 % YoY by 2027.
Hydrogen DRI pilots – JSW (Dolvi) and Tata (Kalinganagar) have announced H₂-DRI trials for 2026–27. EPCs & electrolyser vendors: massive tender opportunity. Also watch for green-hydrogen offtake contracts.
CCTS credit prices – Early mock-trades hint at ₹850–₹1 050/tCO₂ for 2026 compliance. Plants above target GEI can monetise over-performance; laggards face double-penalty via CPCB fines.
Blast-furnace relines – Capex expected to exceed ₹60 000 cr through 2030 as ageing BF at Bhilai, Bokaro, and Rourkela hit end of life. OEMs and refractory suppliers should prepare bids early- CPTS data expose who must act first.
Anaxee value-add – Our 50 000 Digital Runners can survey, monitor, and MRV ESG projects at hundreds of dispersed sites Integrity, Transparency, Accountability into your Projects

3. The long-list in plain English

Below we talk you through the who’s-who of Indian steel, peppered with fun snippets so it doesn’t read like a Wikipedia dump. Scroll straight to the table if that’s all you need.

3.1 Big-five behemoths

  1. JSW Steel, Vijayanagar – Largest single-location capacity; now flirting with green hydrogen.

  2. Tata Steel, Jamshedpur – India’s oldest integrated mill (1907!) and still a tech trend-setter.

  3. ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel India (AM/NS), Hazira – The JV everyone’s watching after the aborted Nippon-U.S. Steel deal. 

  4. SAIL – Split across Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela, IISCO, Durgapur. Each site has separate GEI targets.

  5. Jindal Steel & Power, Raigarh – First Indian mill to try coal-gasification DRI at scale.

3.2 Mid-tier climbers

– Bhushan Power & Steel, Sambalpur – Rising fast post-Insolvency.

– JSW Ispat Special Products – Mandir Hasaud unit now under JSW, expecting 20 % GEI drop by 2027.

– A-One Steels & Alloys, Ballari – Classic sponge-iron-to-BF upgrade route.

3.3 Niche & regional players

– Ferro-alloy specialists like Balasore Alloys and Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys – small-volume but carbon-intensive (GEI 4-8 tCO₂/t).

– North-East mini-mills such as Shyam Century Ferrous (Meghalaya) – high transport footprint; ripe for rail electrification.

…and so on until the list hits 120 names.

4. List of Steel Giants – CCTS Notification list (Rank Wise): 

Rank Company Baseline_output_tonnes Current_GEI_tCO2_per_t Target_GEI_2025_26_tCO2_per_t
1 JSW STEEL LTD, Vijayanagar Works, Toranagallu, Bellary 11739649 2.6293 2.5754
2 Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 10703390 2.3804 2.3362
3 JSW Steel LTD, Geetapuram 8904781 2.6662 2.6107
4 Arcelor Mittal Nippon Steel India 7683382 2.2701 2.2299
5 Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai, Durg 5675148 3.1487 3.0713
6 Tata Steel limited, Meramandali 5158574 2.9745 2.9055
7 Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited, Visakhapatnam Steel Plant 4411374 2.9781 2.9089
8 Jindal Steel & Power Ltd Chhendipada Road, SH – 63 4390777 3.1376 3.0607
9 Jindal Stainless Ltd, Kalinga Nagar Industrial Complex (KNIC) Jajpur 4357478 0.8792 0.856
10 Sail, Bokaro Steel Plant, Bokaro 4309143 3.2056 3.1254
11 Rourkela Steel Plant, Rourkela- 4161241 2.9509 2.883
12 Tata Steel Limited, Kalinga Nagar 3464728 2.4479 2.4011
13 JSW Ste elCoated Products Ltd, B-6, Tarapur MIDC Industrial Area, Boisar, Palghar 3262392 0.1209 0.1182
14 Uttam Value Steels Ltd., Bhugaon Road 3261616 0.1488 0.1447
15 Jindal Steel and Power Limited 3252666 3.2231 3.142
16 Bhushan Power & Steel Limited Village. Thelkoloi and 3179861 3.6421 3.5386
17 SAIL- IISCO Steel Plant 2528925 3.2 3.1201
18 JSW St eel Coated Product Ltd., Thane 2509130 0.1526 0.1483
19 Durgapur Steel Plant, Durgapur 2304920 3.1452 3.0681
20 Jindal Stainless (Hisar) Limited, Hisar 2304098 0.492 0.4848
21 JSW Ste elCoated Products Limited, A- 10/1, MIDC Industrial Area,Kalmeshwar, Nagpur 1754590 0.1398 0.1362
22 Shyam Sel And Power Limited (Jamuria) Jamuria Industrial Estate, Bahadurpur 1414290 2.638 2.5818
23 Shyam Metalics & Energy Limited Village: 1383190 2.7124 2.653
24 Uttam Galva Steels Limited, Khopoli Pn Road, Village -Donvat, Khalapur, Raigad 1203926 0.1739 0.1683
25 TATA Steel BSL Limited, Nifan & Savaroli 1164472 0.1415 0.1378
26 JSW Steel ltd., Salem works 1111813 2.7456 2.6868
27 Prakash Industries Limited Hathneora 998386 3.0956 3.0182
28 ESL Steel Limited, Siyaljori 997305 3.4165 3.3254
29 Smridhi Sponge Limited, Mohitpur, Sini 833210 2.0356 1.9401
30 Sidhi Vinayak Metcom Ltd, Rugadi, Chandil, Sarikela – Kharsawan, Jharkhand – 832404 3.0416 2.9563
31 Shri Venkatesh Iron & Alloys(India) Limited Lapanga, Bhadaninagar, Ramgarh 829105 2.115 2.012
32 MAA Ch hinnmastika Cement & Ispat private Limited, Hehal, Barkakana, Ramgarh 829103 2.0149 1.9801
33 Narsimha Iron and Steel Pvt. Ltd., At- Marhand, Katkamsandi, Hazaribagh 825336 2.3311 2.2059
34 Anindita Steels Limited, Senegarha, Rabodh 825330 2.7866 2.715
35 TATA Steel BSL Limited, 23,Site-IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 824687 0.1825 0.1764
36 Santpuria Alloys Private Limited, Manjhaladih, Gadi Sermpur Tundi Road 815302 2.7154 2.5456
37 Shivam Iron & Steel Company Ltd Jambad 815301 4.7826 4.6912
38 Atibir Industries Co. Ltd. 812005 2.4681 2.412
39 Vedanta Limited (Value Added Business – Iron Ore Business ), Amona, Marcel 803267 2.9119 2.8541
40 Tata Steel Long Products Limited, Adityapur, Gamharia, Saraikela Kharsawan 797058 3.8517 3.7506
41 Shyam Century Ferrous ( ADivision of Star Ferro and Cement Ltd.), EPIP, Rajabagan 793101 6.2482 6.0921
42 Govindam Projects Pvt. Ltd., 37/1630, Kaloshiria, Kuarmunda, Sundergarh, Odisha 770039 3.0274 2.8162
42 Khederia Ispat Limited, Naikenbahal 770039 2.6423 2.4814
42 Thakur Prasad Sao and Sons Pvt. Ltd., Unit – INaikinbahal, Kuarmunda, Sundergarh 770039 2.371 2.2415
42 Pawanjay Sponge Iron Limited, Bijabahal 770039 2.3272 2.2024
43 Jai Bala ji Jyoti Steels Limited, Tainser 770037 3.5042 3.399
44 Agrasen Sponge Private Limited Mandiakudar, Chungimati, Kansbahal 770034 3.4672 3.1903
45 Pooja Sponge Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 214, IDCO Industrial Estate, Kalunga, Sundargarh 770031 2.1168 2.0136
45 Jay Iron & Steels Limited, Balanda 770031 2.5051 2.3605
46 Kaushal Ferro Metals Private Limited, Badbahal/Podbahal, Kundukela, Sundargarh 770019 2.5436 2.484
47 Scan Steel limited Unit-1 Ramabahal 770017 3.6712 3.5624
47 Prabhu Sponge Pvt. Ltd., Near-D.I.S. R, Vill – Jhagarpur, Kesramal, Sunderghar, Odisha – 770017 3.0573 2.8419
48 Shree Hari Sponge Pvt. Ltd., Ground Floor, Ambika Niwas Birsa Dahar Road 769012 1.9977 1.9057
49 Jai Hanuman Udyog Limited, Raghunathpali, Kolabira, Jharsuguda 768213 2.0955 1.9943
50 Thakur Prasad Sao & Sons Pvt. Ltd. Unit – IV Lahandabud, Kantapali, Jharsuguda 768202 2.153 2.0595
50 L.N. Metallics Limited, Village-Sripura 768202 1.8709 1.7902
51 Nava Bharat Bentures Limited, Kharagprasad, Meramandali, Dhenkanal 759121 4.4709 4.391
52 Narbhera mPower & Steel (P) Limited Plot No 11 & 13, Gundichapada Industrial Estate 759025 2.2475 2.2042
53 Crackers India Alloys Ltd., Gobardhanpur 758038 2.4478 2.3925
54 Panchawati Steels LLP, Flat No. 201, Near Central Bank of India, Panchawati Tower 758035 2.8937 2.7008
55 Kashvi International Pvt. Ltd., Ramchandrapur, Basantpur, Kendujhargarh 758014 2.1566 2.0495
56 Balasore Alloys Limited, Balgopalpur 756020 4.3092 4.235
57 KJ Ispat Limited, Jakhapura, Jajpur, Odisha – 755026 2.024 1.9297
58 Godawar iPower & Ispat Ltd, Plot No 428/2, Phase-1, Industrial Area, Siltara, Raipur 742623 2.7067 2.6475
59 Ispat Da modaar Pvt. Ltd. Village-Nabagram, P.O.- Bijha, P.S.- Neturia, District- 723121 2.7394 2.5879
59 Mark Ste els Limited Jagannathdihi, Murulia 723121 2.7565 2.5938
60 MB Ispat Corporation Limited, Plot No- 1861, Durgapur Bankura Main Road 722202 2.9845 2.7793
60 Rishabh Sponge Limited, Durgapur-Bankura Main Road 722202 2.6018 2.5394
61 Super Smelters Limited Jamuria Industrial Estate, Ikra, Burdwan, West 714395 2.3643 2.3192
62 Monnet Ispat & Energy Limited 713486 4.5574 4.4158
63 MB Sponge & Power Limited, Near Ikrah Railway Station, Hinjalgora, Jamuria 713362 2.7171 2.547
63 Satyam Smelters Private Limited Jamuria Industrial Area, Ikrah, Pashchim Bardhman 713362 2.6323 2.4839
64 Rajshri Iron Industries Private Limited, Jamuria Industrial Area, Sekhpur, Nandi 713344 2.9072 2.7125
65 Jayaswal Neco Industries Limited, Siltara 705587 3.041 2.978
66 BMM Ispat Limited, Village: Danapur 699993 2.4319 2.3813
67 JSW Steel Limited, Salav 663757 0.9234 0.9117
68 Neelacha lIspat Nigam Limited, Duburi 662837 2.9307 2.8721
69 Sree Ren garaj Ispat Industries (P) Ltd., Plot No-1,2&5, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu 638052 2.1392 2.1
70 MSP ST EEL & POWER LTD, Jamdaon 635474 2.5012 2.4507
71 Hospet Steels Limited Hospet Road 610999 2.7648 2.7127
72 Salem Steel Plant, Salem, Tamilnadu 601150 0.345 0.3414
73 Agarwal Sponge & Energy Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 899A, 899B, 900, Veeniveerapura Cross 585115 2.5851 2.5235
74 Kamini Iron & Steel Ltd, Sy No 02, Bagnal 583231 2.3476 2.2968
75 Thanush Ispat Pvt. Ltd., Sy No 37, 38, 39/1, 39/2, 40, 41, 43 & 44/1, Kasanakandi Road 583228 2.2513 2.2046
75 Hare Krishna Metallics Ltd. 583228 2.2618 2.2147
76 Hindustan Calcined Metals Pvt. Ltd., B.Belgal – Tumti Road, Janekunte – village 583115 2.1179 2.0766
76 Mahamanav Ispat Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 81A & 82A, Belgal Village, Bellary, Karnataka – 583115 2.2189 2.1735
76 M/SSuvan Steels, Bellagal Steels Pvt. Ltd., Sy No. 42, Belgallu Village, Ballary 583115 2.5543 2.4942
77 Hothur Ispat Private Limited, Veni Veerapur 583114 1.6755 1.6515
78 Scan Steels Limited. Sy.No.283/B, 284/A, 284/C 583104 2.0353 1.9972
79 Shree Venkateshwara Sponge & Power Private Limited Halkundi, Bellary 583103 2.1556 2.1128
79 Rayen Steels Pvt Ltd., Veeniveerapur 583103 2.2525 2.2057
80 Supra Steels & Power Pvt Ltd, Sy No 276, 280, Siddapur Mines Road, Hallakundi 583102 2.3763 2.3243
80 Popuri Steels Pvt Ltd., Halkundi, Bellary 583102 2.4083 2.3549
81 Shyam Steel Manufacturing Ltd. (Formerly Sova Ispat Ltd.) Mejia 582385 2.1511 2.1137
82 Goa Minerals Pvt. Ltd., (Unit-VMS Ispat) 580011 2.6701 2.6044
83 Shri Baj rang Power & Ispat Limited (Tilda Division) Kh. No. 521/44, Village: Tandwa 570997 1.7098 1.6862
84 SLV Steels & Alloys Pvt Ltd., Nemakal Villege, Bommanahal Mandalam 515871 3.148 3.0566
85 BIOP Steels and Power Ltd., Sy. No. 124, A, B, C, 133 to 141, 143, & 144, Obulapuram 515865 2.6145 2.5515
86 Jeevaka Industries Private Limited, Nastipur Village 502296 2.0753 2.0356
87 Electroth erm (India) Limited, Survey No.325, Nr. Toll Naka, Village: 501090 2.9867 2.9259
88 Tata Met aliks Limited, Gokulpur, Samraipur 499199 2.6522 2.5323
89 Singhal Enterprices Pvt Ltd, Taraimal 496456 3.4233 3.3287
90 Scania Steels and Power Limited, 22th K.M. Stone, Gharghoda road, Punjipatra, Raigarh 496001 1.3696 1.3264
90 Nav Dur gaFuel Private Limited, Saraipalli, Gharghora Road, Raigarh, Chhatisgarh 496001 4.0693 3.9356
90 MAA Shakambari Steel Limited, Village: Sambalpuri, Hamirpur Road, Raigarh 496001 1.8511 1.8217
90 N. R. Ispat and Power Private Limited, Gourmudi, Gerwani, Raigarh, Chhattishgarh 496001 3.1455 3.0608
90 MSP Sp onge Iron Ltd Village Manuapalli 496001 7.0265 6.8291
91 Mahalax miTMT Pvt. Ltd. C-2 , MIDC , Deoli Growth Center , Deoli, Wardha 495675 0.5825 0.5724
92 Chhattis garh Steel & Power Plant Amjhar, Mahuda, Janjgir-Champa, Chhattisgarh 495671 7.8415 7.5957
93 Hira Po wer & Steel Ltd., Urla Industrial 493221 3.3723 3.3268
93 Alok Fe rro Alloys Ltd. 458/1, 459 Urla industrial Area, Raipur, Chattishgarh 493221 7.5558 7.3275
93 Hira Fer roAlloys Ltd., 490/1, 491/2, Urla industrial Area, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 493221 4.8283 4.7351
94 Mahendr aSponge & Power Ltd., Plot No. 76 & 77, Siltara Industrial Phase-2, Mandhar 493111 2.4102 2.3633
94 Sunil Sp onge (P) Limited, Phase- 2, Siltara 493111 2.7027 2.6401
94 P.D. Ind ustries Pvt. Ltd. Vill-Siltara, Phase- 493111 2.0974 2.0032
94 Rama Udyog Private Limited Phase-II, Indutrial Growth Centre, Siltara, Raipur 493111 3.1558 3.0754
94 Nutan Is pat and Power Pvt. Ltd., Kharoda Road, At – Jarouda, Tarra, Raipur 493111 3.0016 2.8197
94 G. R. Sp onge and Power Limited, Plot No. 102, Phase-II, Siltara Industrial Area 493111 3.1228 3.0441
95 Rashmi Sponge Iron and Power Industries Pvt. Limited, 90, Phase – 2, Siltara Industrial 492001 2.0297 1.9944
95 S.K. Sar awagi & Co. Pvt ltd., Plot NO. 38 to 41 & 48 to 52, Vill-Sankra, Siltara industrial 492001 2.6382 2.582
95 Agrawal Sponge Private Limited, 91-92, Siltara Growth Center, Phase-2, CSIDC 492001 2.5012 2.4436
96 Jai Balaj iIndustries Limited, Borai Industrial Growth Centre, Rasmada, Durg 491009 3.1742 3.0879
97 Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd. Industrial Growth Centre, Phase- 490039 2.9884 2.9163
98 Steel Authority of India Limited – Chandrapur, Ferro Alloy Plant, Mul Road 442401 3.3699 3.3245
99 Electrost eel Casting Ltd Sri Kalahasti Mandal, Rachagunneri, Tirupati, Andhra 442045 2.8494 2.711
100 Sunflag Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.,Bhandara 432914 3.8362 3.7358
101 VISA Steel Limiled, Kalinga Nagar Industrial Complex, Jakhapura, Jajpur Road 422708 2.5903 2.5361
102 Shraddha Ispat Pvt Ltd., Santona 403706 2.2724 2.2248
103 B. S. Sp onge Pvt. Ltd. Village: Taraimal, Post: Gerwani, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 398308 2.4157 2.3686
104 Tata Steel Long Products 389247 2.0904 2.0502
105 Gallantt Metal Limited, Survey No. 175/1, Near Toll Gate, Samakhiali, Kutch, Gujarat – 378963 2.6706 2.6095
106 Nilkanth Concast Private Limted Survey No 221, Village- Vadala, Tal- Mundra, Kutch 370410 2.4604 2.3308
107 Gagan Ferrotech Limited Jamuria Industrial Estate, Ikra, Burdwan, West 349720 2.287 2.2448
108 Saarloha Advanced Materials Pvt Ltd 72-76 Mundhwa (Near Bharat Forge Ltd), Pune 338210 0.382 0.3711
109 SKS Is pat and Power Limited, 18th Milestone, Bilaspur Road,Vill-Siltara 334879 2.9012 2.8332
110 Nalwa Steel and Power Ltd, Gharghoda road, Taraimal, Gerwani, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 307906 2.8217 2.7574
111 Electrost eel Casting Limited, Khardah Works Khardah, Sukchar, North 24 305353 1.8997 1.8382
112 Mahindr aSanyo Special Steel Private Limited Jagdish Nagar, Khopoli, Raigad 302518 0.2957 0.2931
113 Aarti Ste els Ltd, Ghantikhal, Mahakalabasta 302196 2.9748 2.9034
114 Arjas Steel Private Limited 293008 3.4125 3.3217
115 Mukand Ltd, Thane-Belapur Road, Dighe 289629 0.5622 0.5528
116 API Ispat & Powertec Pvt. Ltd., Siltara 288496 2.6186 2.5599
117 JSW Isp atSpecial Products Limited, Mandir 287544 2.7371 2.6766
118 SLR Metaliks Ltd. Sno. 632, Narayanadevarakere, Lokappanahola 283875 2.7944 2.6612
119 SPS Stee ls Rolling Mills Limited Dr. Zakir Hussain Avenue Indo American Mode, P.O. 279682 3.3957 3.163
120 Janki Corporation 278825 2.2337 2.1877
121 Vandana Global Limited, Siltara Industrial Growth Center Phase 2, Raipur 268181 3.3683 3.2766
122 Real Isp at & Power Ltd., Borjhara Urla 267905 3.5139 3.4142
123 Shyam Steel Industries Limited Raturia Industrial Area, Angadpur, Durgapur, West 262305 2.0433 1.9539
124 Ind Syne rgy Limited Village: Kotmar, Near Mahuapalli, Gharghora, Saraypali, Raigarh 260384 3.2187 3.1299
125 Shri Baj rang Power & Ispat Ltd, Village Borjhara, Urla – Guma Road, Urla, Raipur 244380 1.7952 1.7691
126 Shreeyam Power and steel Industries Ltd. Plot No 332, New GIDC Area Phase 236471 2.7063 2.5584
127 Crest Steel & Power Pvt Ltd., Village: Joratari, post: Mangatta, Dist: Rajnandgaon 233504 1.8878 1.8573
128 Minera Steel and Power Pvt. Ltd. Yarabana 219150 2.0539 2.0178
129 concast steel & Power Ltd village- 217930 2.3546 2.3168
130 Noble Tech Industries Pvt Ltd 14/2 A2 Melpakkam Village, Uthiramerur 214696 1.5745 1.5545
131 KIC Me taliks Limited Durgapur , Angadpur 212615 2.8778 2.7366
132 Shyam Sel And Power Limited (Mangalpur) G-6, Mangalpur Industrial Estate, Raniganj 210563 2.2401 2.1971
133 SMC Power Generation Ltd., Hirima 209548 2.9203 2.8514
134 Shri Ba jrang Power & Ispat Ltd (TMT Division), KH-2/3, Urla Industrial Complex 206001 0.8801 0.8569
135 Nova Ir on& Steel Ltd. Village, Dagori, Tehsil Belha, District Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 205466 1.9686 1.9354
136 Pushpit Steels Pvt. Ltd. Merlapaka village 204116 2.1764 2.0808
137 A-One Steels & Alloys Pvt. Ltd., Ward No.2 , Plot No. 412, Sidiginamola 199924 2.0936 2.0582
138 Lloyds Metals and Energy Limited, A- 1 & 2, M.I.D.C. 199838 2.5742 2.5131
139 Rungta Mines Limited (Sponge 199462 2.0829 2.0429
140 Steel Exchange India Limited Sreeramouram, R.GPeta Post 198344 3.3436 3.2533
141 Welspun Corp Ltd., Village: Versamedi, Ta: 189798 2.2247 2.1823
142 Shree Nakoda Ispat Ltd Phase – II,Industrial Growth Centre Siltara 184416 1.8484 1.8208
143 Kamalje etSingh Ahluwalia Steel and Power 184159 2.8593 2.7893
144 NRVS Steels Ltd. Teraimal, Gharghoda 184152 3.784 3.4949
145 Prakash Sponge Iron & Power P. Ltd. Sy. No. 42 & 43, Heggere Challakare, Sanikere 183014 1.5247 1.5059
146 Neo Me taliks Limited Gopalpur, Durgapur 182362 2.777 2.6455
147 Sunvik Steels Private Limited, Survey No. 59-72, Jodideverahalli, Kallambella, Sira 175281 1.8848 1.8561
148 SAL St eel Limited Survey No-245 Vill- Bharapur Tal- Gandhidham, Asipur, Kutch 172075 2.087 1.9991
149 Topwort\hSteel and Power Pvt. Ltd., Borai Industrial Growth Centre, Village Rasmada 169668 2.5718 2.5152
150 Maithan Ispat Limited Dasmania, Jakhapura 169425 2.8927 2.821
151 Mono Steel India Limited Survey No.375/1,374,396/1,397,398,376, 378/2,377/1,377/2 PAIKI 2, VILL: 165723 1.8678 1.7931
152 Sree Me taliks Limited Loidapada, Barbil 165372 3.036 2.9571
153 Jai Ba laji Industries Limited G-1, Mangalpur Industrial Complex 165172 2.7406 2.6799
154 Shri Jaga nnath Steels & Power Ltd. Uli Buru 163940 3.3322 3.2425
155 Kamachi Industries Ltd Survey no. 86, 115- 119,123-125, Pathapalayam 163331 2.0288 1.9458
156 Niros Isp at Pvt. Ltd. 14-AHaevy Industrial Area, Hathkhoj, Bhilai, Durg, chhattisgarh 163218 1.9957 1.9616
157 Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd., Choudwar, Kapaleswar, Cuttack, Odisha 161879 4.7428 4.6529
158 HRG Alloys and Steels Pvt. Ltd Survey No. 12 & part of 14 159369 1.8152 1.7885
159 Chintpur niSteel Pvt. Ltd. 15 Mile, Jarwa 153865 2.406 2.282
160 Aarti Sp onge and Power Limited Bahesar Road Murethi, Siltara, Raipur 151837 2.3456 2.3012
161 Maruti Ispat and Energy Private Limited., Mantralayam, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh- 147243 2.1015 2.0658
162 Sambhv Sponge Power Pvt Ltd Sarora 145084 2.9324 2.7588
163 Raipur Power and Steel Limited Industrial Growth Centre, Borai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 144544 2.4436 2.3925
164 VRKP Sponge & Power Limited Halkundi 144364 2.3075 2.2645
165 Padmavati Ferrous Ltd., Chikkantapur 142770 2.5956 2.5335
166 Shree Ganesh Metaliks Ltd Chardrihariharpur, Kuarmunda, Sundergarh 141678 2.8227 2.7544
167 Goa Spo nge and Power Ltd, Village Santona 138955 2.1595 2.1195
168 Drolia Electrosteels Pvt. Ltd. Village- 138354 2.0176 1.9847
169 Sanvijay Alloys & Power Ltd P.No. A-23- 24-29-30-31 & D14, NIDC Tadali, MIDC 136037 2.5931 2.4573
170 Maa Mahamaya Industries Limited R.G,Peta Village, L,Kota Mandalam 134983 3.1998 3.1172
171 Shri Shyam Ispat (India) Private Limited, Taraimal, Gerwani, Raigarh 133915 3.0033 2.9304
172 Anjani Steel Ltd., Ujjalpur, Gerwani 133133 2.8621 2.7919
173 Vanya Steel Pvt. Ltd. Survey No. 48, 49A, 52, 53, 54,55 & 58, Hirebagnal Village 131515 2.1709 2.1275
174 Viraj St eel and Energy Private Limited, Gurupali, Lapanga, Sambalpur, Odisha 131311 3.6624 3.5541
175 HI-Tech Power and Steel Limited, Parsada 130888 2.3418 2.2975
176 Saluja Steel and Power (P) Limited Mahatodi, Tundi road, Giridih 127288 2.2332 2.1325
177 Aryan Ispat and Power Pvt. Ltd., Bomaloi 123310 2.2894 2.1686
178 Sky all oys and power private limited Temtema, Robertson, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 120040 3.8957 3.7731
179 MSP Sponge Iron Limited, Haldiguna 118106 2.8435 2.6803
180 Mangal Sponge & Steel Pvrivate Limited 115565 2.902 2.8299
181 Brahmap utra Mettalics Limited, Village 112917 2.5818 2.5247
182 Apple In dustries Ltd Sy.No.354, D.Hirehal Village & Mandal, Anantapur, Andhra 112778 4.0813 3.7245
183 Electrost eel Casting Limited Haldia, Shibramnagar, Purba Medinipur, West 107300 2.2379 2.1974
184 Haldia Steels Pvt. Ltd. (Unit-II) 105480 2.7366 2.6725
185 Rashmi Ispat Limited 104918 2.3117 2.2625
186 Reliable Sponge Private Limited 104603 3.314 3.2253
187 Gopani Iron & Power (I) Pvt Ltd., Chandrapur, Tadali, Chandrapur 104236 2.6513 2.5911
188 Bhaskar Steel & Ferro Alloy Pvt. Ltd. Badtumkela, Rajamunda, Lahunipada 104139 1.9796 1.8957
189 Jharkhan dIspat Private Limited Hesla 101490 2.391 2.3421
190 MGMMinerals ltd, Village- 101126 1.9515 1.9164
191 Patnaik Steels and Alloys Limited 100181 2.8419 2.7727
192 Adhunik Metaliks Limited 96110 2.5335 2.4743
193 Kirloska rFerrous Ind Ltd Bevinahalli 94007 2.9214 2.8632
194 Devi Iro nand Power Private Limited village Tanda, Mohandi Road, Block Dharsiwa 91192 2.4033 2.3539
195 Nava Bh arat Ventures Limited Paloncha 90713 8.2505 7.9783
196 Aloke Steels Industries Private 87925 2.1355 2.0935
197 Cauvery Iron & Steel (India) Ltd Sy No 650A to 656A, Khajapur Village 86449 3.7705 3.6557
198 Bhagwat iPower & Steel Ltd. Phase # 2, industrial Area, Siltara, Raipur 83808 2.3054 2.2625
199 Baba Akhila Sai Jyothi Industries Pvt. Ltd. 79960 1.9307 1.8964
200 Ferro Alloy Corporation Limited, Charge Chrome Plant Randia Haat, Bhadrak 79572 5.7969 5.6625
201 Times Steel and Power Pvt. Ltd. Plot Number 98, Industrial 78566 2.7324 2.6636
202 Topwort hUrja & Metals Ltd. Village Heti, Mouza Ukkarwahi, Post Udasa 76946 3.5774 3.474
203 Shiavaly Ispat and Power Private Limited Kara 76041 2.1829 2.139
204 Vaswani Industries Ltd Near Cycle Park 74004 3.706 3.5883
205 Jairaj Ispat Ltd Sy.67, 68 B 69381 2.1595 2.1165
206 JSW Projects Limited (earlier IST Steel and Power 64820 2.1625 2.1194
207 Dhruvdesh Metasteel Pvt. Ltd. Survey No. 150-156 63989 2.2576 2.2106
208 Ghankun Steels, Pvt Ltd 78, Phase II, Industrial 62259 2.1793 2.1355
209 Akshara Industries Ltd. SF No. 225/1C1, 225/1C2 56748 3.4276 3.3193
210 Gopal Sponge & Power Pvt. Ltd. Phase-2 Industrial Growth Center, Siltara, Raipur 56157 1.3442 1.3055
211 Satya Power & Ispat Ltd., Vill- Gatauri 55233 2.6165 2.4588
212 Sai Sponge (India) Private Limited, Nawagon 53245 2.6315 2.5676
213 Tunics Sponge Pvt. Ltd., Sy 138a/1, 138a/2 52236 2.254 2.2072
214 Surendra Mining Industries Private Limited 51922 2.4177 2.3676
215 Amiya Steel Pvt. Ltd., Village Tarapore 50997 2.9061 2.7115
216 Vishal Metallics Private Limited 49179 2.526 2.4672
217 Maa Kal iAlloy Udyog Pvt. Ltd. Vill- Pali 48774 4.0635 3.7099
218 Bhadrashree Steel & Power Limited Sy No. 114/115/116 48536 2.3452 2.2945
219 Sponge Udyog Private Limited 41580 2.9442 2.8643
220 GM Iron & Steel Company Limited, Village- Jamua, P.O.- Mejia, District- Bankura, West 41017 3.0198 2.8097
221 Shiv Mettalicks (P) Ltd., At- Gurundupali 40831 2.547 2.3976
222 B.R.Sponge & Power Limited Village- Badtumkela, Police 39851 3.121 3.0312
223 Ferro Alloy Plant, Bamnipal, Tata Steel 37638 4.3314 4.2564
224 Seven Star Steels Limited Kelendamal 37387 3.6314 3.349
225 Ambey Metallic Limited, Plot No. 69-75, 143-160 Pissurlem 30599 1.7225 1.6951
226 Maithan Alloys Limited A6, E.P.I.P, Rajabagan, Byrnihat,RI- 12382 4.5025 4.4215

 

5. How to read (and use) this list

  1. Benchmark your GEI – If you’re above peer median of 2.7 tCO₂/t, you’ll be a net buyer of credits.

  2. Collaborate on off-site mitigation – Anaxee’s rural network can unlock agroforestry, biochar, or cook-stove credits in districts where many mills sit (Raigarh, Sundargarh, Bellary).

  3. Watch the secondary steel curve – Mini-mills with GEI < 2.2 t are potential sellers; handshake deals now could secure credits at ₹600 vs >₹1 000 later.

6. Final thoughts-

Steel’s decarbonisation journey is a marathon with nasty sprints—energy audits, MRV paperwork, farmer outreach for offsetting, you name it. Anaxee’s 50 000 Digital Runners can be your on-ground extension arm, whether it’s sampling slag emissions or planting a million saplings along the Mahanadi belt. Ping us at sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com let’s chop some mega-tonnes together.

An Anaxee field worker photographs a ground-mounted solar panel array in a lush farm, documenting a solar-agriculture pilot in rural India.

India’s Carbon Credit Trading Scheme: Emission Targets 2025 and the New Green Mandate

🇮🇳 India’s Big Carbon Shift: CCTS 2023 and GHG Targets 2025

India is undergoing a major climate policy transformation. On 23rd June 2025, the Government of India released a Gazette notification announcing the next operational phase of its Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), 2023. The focus? Setting clear, industry-specific greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity targets for key sectors like steel, aluminum, and power for compliance years 2025-26 and 2026-27.

This is no longer a voluntary move- it is regulation-backed, compliance-enforced, and GHG-accounted.

To download ‘The Gazette of India’- Click below:


What is the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), 2023?

CCTS was first notified in June 2023. It was designed to create a formal, compliance-based carbon market in India. Think of it as a stock exchange—except, instead of trading shares, industries trade carbon credit certificates, representing a reduction or avoidance of one tonne of CO₂ equivalent.

Under this system, each eligible industry has to meet specific Emission Intensity Targets (EI targets)—defined as tonnes of CO₂ emitted per tonne of product output. If they emit less than their allocated target, they can earn credits. If they emit more, they must purchase credits or face penalties.

The scheme’s primary legal basis comes from:

  • The Energy Conservation Act, 2001
  • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
  • The Electricity Act, 2003

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) acts as the nodal implementation body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).

What Was Notified in the June 2025 Gazette?

The notification lists 118 companies across sectors and their:

  • Baseline GHG Emission Intensity (2023-24)
  • Assigned GHG Emission Intensity Targets for 2025-26 and 2026-27
  • Primary production output (e.g., crude steel, aluminum)

This step operationalizes the compliance mechanism of the CCTS and sets the tone for India’s decarbonization via market forces.

Emission Intensity Targets: What Does the Data Say?

To give you a clearer picture, here’s a sample table extracted from the Gazette:

Company Name Sector Baseline Intensity (tCO₂e/ton) Target 2025-26 Target 2026-27
Hindalco Industries Ltd (Taloja) Aluminum 1.3386 1.3057 1.2563
Tata Steel Ltd (Jamshedpur) Iron & Steel 2.3804 2.3362 2.2699
JSW Steel Ltd (Dolvi) Iron & Steel 2.6662 2.6107 2.5275
SAIL Bokaro Plant Iron & Steel 3.2056 3.1254 3.0052
Bhushan Power & Steel Iron & Steel 3.6421 3.5386 3.3833

What you see here is the government creating a linear decarbonization path—each company must reduce its emission intensity by ~3–5% over two years.

Key Terms You Should Know

Understanding CCTS requires knowing a few core terms:

– Emission Intensity (EI): Emissions per unit of output, usually in tonnes CO₂ equivalent per tonne of product.

– Banked Certificates: Extra credits earned for exceeding targets can be stored (“banked”) for use in future years.

– Compliance Cycle: The period (typically yearly) in which the performance against targets is evaluated.

– Non-Compliance Penalty: If a company fails to meet its targets and does not buy equivalent credits, a financial penalty is imposed—2× the market price of the credit shortfall.

Why This Matters: National and Global Relevance

India has made a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commitment to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030 from 2005 levels. The CCTS operationalization is the first step toward real domestic enforcement.

It’s also relevant for:

– Carbon project developers: as this market can soon become a source of demand for offsets

– Climate finance players: looking to invest in verifiable carbon mitigation

– Industries: navigating the complex transition to net-zero while staying profitable

Who Are the First Movers?

Here are the top 5 largest emitters (by output volume) included in the Gazette:

Series Company Output 2023-24 (Tonnes) Baseline EI
1 JSW Steel Ltd (Dolvi) 8.9 million 2.6662
2 SAIL, Bhilai Steel Plant 5.67 million 3.1487
3 Tata Steel Ltd (Jamshedpur) 10.7 million 2.3804
4 Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd 4.4 million 2.9781
5 JSPL (Raigarh) 3.25 million 3.2231

These companies are now part of a high-stakes, market-driven push toward decarbonization.

Compliance Rules: How Does It Work?

Every designated unit must:

  1. Register on the Indian Carbon Market (ICM) portal.
  2. Submit verified documents and data using the official protocol.
  3. Show either:- Achieved GHG intensity target, or

    – Bought carbon credits from the ICM exchange, or

    – Used banked credits

If not, penalties kick in via the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

How Are Credits Calculated?

There’s a specific formula for computing tradable credits:

Credits Earned = (EI Target − Actual EI) × Output

And for those falling short:

Credits to be Bought = (Actual EI − EI Target) × Output

This is a transparent, formula-based system—favoring those that proactively decarbonize.

 Road Ahead: A Market in the Making

The CCTS isn’t just another scheme—it is the birth of India’s compliance carbon market, like the EU ETS or China’s national trading platform. And it’s different from voluntary offsets. It’s mandatory for large emitters.

Some predictions:

– Expect a secondary market for trading excess certificates.

– Tech companies will emerge for MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, Verification).

– Integration with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement could follow, allowing international trade.

What Should Companies Do Now?

If you’re an industrial entity in India with significant emissions, this notification is your wake-up call. Immediate steps:

– Audit your emissions and production data

– Check your EI targets vs. your baseline

– Engage with accredited verifiers and BEE procedures

– Plan internal decarbonization OR credit purchase strategy

The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme 2023, now backed by enforceable GHG intensity targets, is a landmark reform. It shifts India from voluntary green gestures to enforceable emission regulation- with a built-in market mechanism. It aligns environmental responsibility with business competitiveness.

If implemented with transparency and rigor, this system can help India leap ahead in its climate commitments while building a robust domestic carbon economy.

Are you a heavy emitter, industrial SME, or climate consultant? Anaxee’s Tech-for-Climate network is ready to support your MRV, compliance documentation, and grassroots engagement.
Reach out today- sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com and be part of India’s green transition.

Field Worker Sapling nursery agroforestry carbon project in India

 

Global RFPs for Carbon Offset & Removal Projects (2025) | How Anaxee Helps Developers Win

 

RFPs for Carbon Offset and Removal Projects: Global Tenders You Shouldn’t Miss

Infographic showing the Voluntary Carbon Market ecosystem with emissions from a factory, a buyer, a developer planting trees, and renewable energy projects, explaining how carbon credits are generated and traded.

Carbon offset and removal projects are no longer just about good intentions. In 2025, they represent a rapidly growing procurement ecosystem, with companies, governments, and alliances issuing billion-dollar RFPs (Requests for Proposals) for high-quality, measurable climate outcomes. Whether you’re developing a biochar plant in India, an agroforestry bundle in Africa, or a reforestation project in Brazil, knowing where the money is can be half the battle.

If you’re a project developer or climate consultant, this post will help you navigate the top open calls globally. And if you’re looking for local-scale execution, monitoring, and tech-backed transparency, we’ll show you how Anaxee can help you win and deliver these climate contracts reliably.

Why Carbon RFPs Matter in 2025

Climate finance is getting more structured. While voluntary carbon markets once relied on one-on-one negotiations, today’s buyers—from Meta to Petrobras to the Government of Singapore—are issuing competitive RFPs with short deadlines, tough quality screens, and complex eligibility requirements. Most of these require:

– Strong MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification)

– Local stakeholder alignment

– Legal clarity around credit rights

– Proven ability to execute on the ground

Which is where Anaxee comes in.

How Anaxee Helps Developers Win RFPs

Anaxee is India’s largest last-mile climate execution engine. With a tech-enabled network of 50,000 Digital Runners active across 11,000+ pincodes, we provide exactly the kind of ground capacity, stakeholder engagement, and digital proof that global buyers and registries now demand.

Whether you’re submitting to an Article 6 government tender or a multinational like Microsoft, Anaxee can support:

– Field surveys and landholder onboarding

– Tree plantation, agroforestry layouting, and care

– IoT-integrated monitoring with GPS, timestamped data

– Village-level engagement with tribal councils and panchayats

We’re already delivering for clients in carbon cookstove rollouts, bamboo plantation baselines, and ARR methodologies like VM0047.

Top 13 Global Carbon Offset & Removal RFPs (Live as of July 2025)

Below is a curated list of high-quality RFPs for offset and removal projects, sorted by deadline. These are real, verified opportunities with strong funding partners behind them.

#IssuerGeographyWhat They WantDeadlineSource
1Planet2050GlobalTech-based CDR (biochar, BECCS, etc.)22 Jul 2025Link
2IUCNRwandaBiodiversity-linked ARR/IFM design24 Jul 2025Link
3PGCCUSAVerified offsets + EACs14 Jul 2025Link
4American ForestsUSA (California)Tribal engagement for reforestation31 Jul 2025Link
5NYSERDAUSA (New York)CCUS and low-carbon fuels31 Jul 2025Link
6PetrobrasBrazilForest credit procurementMid-Jul 2025Link
7MetaGlobalScope-3 emission reductions18 Jul NDA / 19 Sep fullLink
8Ordnance Survey UKUKCredit sourcing partnershipsQ4 2025Link
9EYGlobal1.2 Mt spot + forward VCUsRollingLink
10Singapore GovtGlobalArticle 6-ready ITMO creditsLate 2025Link
11WatershedGlobal1 Mt carbon removalsRollingLink
12MicrosoftGlobalDurable CDR creditsRollingLink
13Frontier ClimateGlobal$500K-$50M prepurchaseRollingLink

Key Trends Developers Should Watch

1. Government Buyers Want Article 6 Compliance

Singapore, Brazil, and others are now actively procuring ITMOs under the Paris Agreement. If your project has the legal ability to authorize those credits, you stand to gain from long-term, compliance-level pricing.

2. MRV Standards Are Tightening

Almost all major buyers now benchmark projects against ICVCM Core Carbon Principles, or rely on third-party ratings. Poor data quality or weak documentation can sink a bid, even if the project is viable.

3. Speed Matters

The average RFP window is just 20–30 days. You need a partner who can help you mobilize field surveys, social buy-in, and tech documentation fast. Anaxee’s existing local footprint lets us act within days, not weeks.

4. Big Buyers Prefer Portfolio Diversity

Meta, EY, and Watershed all sign deals with a mix of nature-based and engineered removals. If you only have one project type, consider co-bidding with complementary partners.

How to Prepare Before You Submit

To give yourself the best shot, here’s what should be ready before you start applying:

– A robust project design document (PDD)

– Proof of community or landholder consent

– Draft monitoring plan and MRV stack

– Optional: Pre-signed NDAs or registration forms (Meta, Watershed, etc.)

If any of that is missing, reach out to Anaxee. We have pre-built SOPs and documentation templates for:

– Tree selection and planting (VM0047)

– Biochar production and weighing (C-Sink)

– Community meetings and benefit-sharing (Gold Standard)

Closing Thoughts

Winning carbon RFPs in 2025 is no longer just about writing a good proposal. It’s about proving you can execute—credibly, quickly, and equitably. Whether it’s planting 10,000 bamboo seedlings across 6 districts or monitoring 200 cookstove households in tribal areas, execution risk is what funders fear most.

That’s why they love developers who partner with local engines like Anaxee. We make your bid bankable.
Need help applying to any of the RFPs listed above? Email us at sales@anaxee-wp-aug25-wordpress.dock.anaxee.com

Field Worker Sapling nursery agroforestry carbon project in India